Effect of Crop Preparation Techniques for Harvesting on Productivity and Biochemical Composition of Seeds of Spring Rapeseed of the Ratnik Variety and the Smilla Hybrid in the Middle Preduralie

Abstract

The research was carried out in order to study the influence of methods of preparing crops for harvesting on the yield and biochemical composition of seeds of spring rapeseed in the Middle Urals. The work was carried out in 2020-2021 on soddy medium podzolic heavy loamy soil in Perm region. The experiment scheme included the following options: treatment with Liposam, Bifactor glue, Tornado, Adekvat desiccants, and a combination of adhesive preparations with desiccants. A variety of Russian selection Ratnik and a hybrid of foreign selection Smilla were grown. Biochemical analysis of seeds was carried out by conventional methods. Average for 2020 and 2021 seed yield of spring rapeseed variety Ratnik and hybrid Smilla was at the same level. A similar picture was observed for the content of crude fat, ash and protein. The concentration of crude fiber was higher in the oil seeds of the Smilla hybrid (by 0.5%). Treatment with adhesives and desiccants only affected the productivity of the Smilla hybrid. Significant yield increases, compared with the control, were noted in the options Bifactor, Liposam + Adekvat, Bifactor + Tornado (0.28, 0.27 and 0.39 t/ha, respectively). In the same variants, the largest gross harvest of fat and crude protein per 1 ha was recorded (the increase, in relation to the control, was 1.4...1.6 times). A change in the biochemical composition of spring rapeseed oilseeds was noted, depending on the studied methods of preparing crops for harvesting. Variety Ratnik reacted with an increase in the content of crude fat and crude fiber when treated with Adekvat desiccant, as well as an increase in the content of crude ash when Liposam glue was used together with desiccants. The Smilla hybrid responded more strongly to the joint treatment with Bifactor adhesive with Tornado desiccant (crude fat content increased by 2.4%, crude protein by 1.8%). The content of raw ash in the oilseeds of the foreign hybrid was influenced by the use of preparations Bifactor, Tornado, Liposam+ Adekvat.