Effect of COVID‐19 vaccine on menstrual experience among females in six Arab countries: A cross sectional study

Matar, Sajeda Ghassan; Nourelden, Anas Zakarya; Assar, Ahmed; Bahbah, Eshak I.; Alfryjat, Areej M; Hasabo, Elfatih A.; Matar, Suzan A.; Bishtawi, Shatha Nizar; Alhoubani, Mays; Yahia, Ahmad Bassam; Ragab, Khaled Mohamed; Salameh, None Lina Mohammad; Salameh, None Lana Saif Eddin; Zaazouee, Mohamed Sayed; Al-Kafarna, Mohammed; Elshanbary, Alaa Ahmed; Almadhoon, Hossam Waleed; Bakdash, None Shahed Toulaq; Malih, Abdelkader Nabeel; Habash, Shimaa Abo Elfotoh; Basiouny, Rakia Mohamed Taha; Ahmad, Afaf; Hamid, None Raghda Mohammed Ahmed; Habib, None Balsam Younan; Elokl, None Dalia Nasr; Abdalraheem, None Hiba Hatim; Atia, None Esraa Adel; Yousif, Nazik Ibrahim Ahmed; Al-Ali, Fida Hussien; Alshaer, Israa Mohammed; Abdulali, None Fatima Elsidieg; Ayesh, Hadil Abu; Jabari, Anwar Yousef; Egzait, Raneem Ahmed; Munshar, None Nameer Amer Abu; Alkhraibat, Aseel Ahmad; Ibreerah, Aisha Hasan; Basheti, Iman A.

doi:10.1111/irv.13088

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Additionally, our study revealed a significant association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and menstrual pain, which is consistent with the findings reported by the EVA project [20] and CoVHORT [22]. Another cross-sectional online survey-based study from six Arab countries also reported an increase in menstrual pain postvaccination [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessing Menstrual Changes Among Young Indian Females Post-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Tandon,

Kumar,

Aggarwal

et al. 2023

Cureus

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BackgroundThe rollout of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines has significantly enhanced immunity against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to a reduction in the severity of illness, hospitalizations, and deaths. While various side effects of the vaccine have been reported, its impact on the menstrual cycle remains unclear. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving university students who had received either partial or full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Data was gathered through a questionnaire designed to assess the relationship between menstrual changes and the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. ResultsA total of 773 participants, with a mean age of 20.6 ± 1.7 years, were included in this study. The participants reported a significant increase in the irregularity of the menstrual cycle. We observed a slight increase in the length of the menstrual cycle, from 30.0 ± 4.0 days (pre-vaccination) to 30.5 ± 5.6 days (post-vaccination), which was statistically significant (p<0.001). The duration of menstruation also increased, from 4.9 ± 1.7 days (pre-vaccination) to 5.0 ± 1.7 days (post-vaccination). However, this increase in menstrual length due to vaccination was not statistically significant (p = 0.898). Notably, there was a significant increase in pain reported by the participants after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (p = 0.004). ConclusionThe SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly impacted the regularity of the menstrual cycle, length of the menstrual cycle, and pain during menstruation, though temporarily. Our study found no significant differences in menstrual changes or the type of vaccine administered (Covishield and Covaxin).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessing Menstrual Changes Among Young Indian Females Post-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Tandon,

Kumar,

Aggarwal

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Surprisingly, the reported prevalence of dysmenorrhea decreased after immunization by 8.7%. In the previously published literature, Mattar reports a higher incidence of pelvic pain in an immunized cohort in comparison to a non-vaccinated cohort, but does not report the incidence in the same immunized cohort before immunization [ 15 ]. Another study from Israel has reported the worsening of dysmenorrhea in the cohort with and without endometriosis, but the information about positive improvement are is [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Endometriosis-Associated Symptoms Following Immunization against SARS-CoV-2: A Cross-Sectional Study

Lukac,

Friedl,

Gruber

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: There are many reports about variations in the menstrual cycle after infection with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination against it. However, data on SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination-related changes in menstruation-associated endometriosis-typical symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia, dysuria, and bloating are rare or missing. Methods: This retrospective study was performed as an online survey among employees and students at the University Hospital Ulm, Germany. Changes regarding the presence of mentioned symptoms and after immunization (vaccination and/or infection) were evaluated with the McNemar Test. Additionally, the risk factors associated with these changes and associations between a subjectively perceived general change in menstruation and changes in the symptoms were evaluated. Results: A total of 1589 respondents were included in the final analysis. Less than 4% of respondents reported the occurrence of new symptoms that they had not experienced before immunization. Overall, there was a significant reduction in the presence of dysmenorrhea, back pain, dyschezia, bloating, and dyspareunia after immunization against coronavirus (p < 0.001). Only 2.3% of all participants reported to have been diagnosed with endometriosis. Factors associated with changes in endometriosis-typical symptoms following immunization were body mass index, age, endometriosis, and thyroid disease. Conclusions: Our results provide unique data about a reduction in the incidence of endometriosis-associated symptoms as dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, and dyspareunia after immunization against COVID-19.

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“…With respect to premenstruation and menstruation symptoms, abdominal pain and headache were commonly reported. Similarly, Matar et al reported a higher frequency of pelvic pain and nausea during menses following vaccination 19 . The appearance of new symptoms or worsening of previously existing ones could imply a potential additive or cumulative effect, and this raises the question of whether further studies should be conducted to study the cumulative effect of the additional dose of the vaccine, and thus to further monitor the harm versus beneficial effect of an additional booster.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID‐19 vaccinations on menstrual cycle and postmenopausal bleeding among health care workers: A cross‐sectional study

Farah

Hijazi

Aoun

et al. 2023

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Objective To determine the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination and its association with sociodemographic factors on the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women and on postmenopausal bleeding. Methods This is a retrospective cross‐sectional study conducted between September 22, 2022, and November 30, 2022, via a questionnaire distributed to 359 health care workers (HCWs) at Lebanese American University Medical Center–Rizk Hospital and St John's Hospital. Inclusion criteria included female Lebanese HCWs who were vaccinated and aged 18 to 65 years. Results Change in cycle length was significantly associated with age (P = 0.025 after the first dose and P = 0.017 after the second dose), level of education (P = 0.013 after the first dose and P = 0.012 after the second dose), and fibroids (P = 0.006 after the second dose and P = 0.003 after the third dose). The change in cycle flow was significantly associated with age (P = 0.028), fibroids (P = 0.002 after the second dose and P = 0.002 after the third dose), bleeding disorders (P = 0.000), and chronic medications (P = 0.007). The change in symptoms was associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (P = 0.021), chronic medications (P = 0.019 after the second dose and P = 0.045 after the third dose), and fibroids (P = 0.000). Conclusion COVID‐19 vaccination can influence the menstrual cycle. Age, body mass index, level of education, underlying comorbidities, and use of chronic medications are significantly associated with changes in menstrual length, flow, and symptoms following vaccination.

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Effect of COVID‐19 vaccine on menstrual experience among females in six Arab countries: A cross sectional study

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Assessing Menstrual Changes Among Young Indian Females Post-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Assessing Menstrual Changes Among Young Indian Females Post-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Changes in Endometriosis-Associated Symptoms Following Immunization against SARS-CoV-2: A Cross-Sectional Study

Effect of COVID‐19 vaccinations on menstrual cycle and postmenopausal bleeding among health care workers: A cross‐sectional study

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