Effect of condensed tannin in cottonseed hulls on endogenous ileal amino acid loss in the growing rat

Yu, Feng; Moughan, Paul J.; Barry, T. N.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740680408

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, PEG can be used to displace protein from the CT-protein complexes without affecting the nutritional composition of the diet (Jones & Mangan, 1977). Previous studies with PEG have shown that PEG addition per se had no intrinsic effect on protein digestibility in the absence of CT (Yu et al 1995b(Yu et al , 1996b. In the present study it was assumed that PEG completely bound with the CT released during digestion of the diets containing cottonseed hulls and CSM, and comparison between diets including or not including PEG allowed the effect of cottonseed CT to be defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary CT have been shown to reduce bodyweight gain, impair feed conversion efficiency and reduce the apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids in single-stomached species (Longstaff & McNab, 1991 ;Jansman, 1993;Yu et al 199621). Our previous work with the growing rat has shown that the addition of cottonseed hulls to a semi-purified diet significantly increased endogenous ileal amino acid loss (Yu et al 1995b), whilst hulls, partly due to their CT content, decreased the apparent and true ileal digestibility of amino acids in cottonseed kernel (Yu et al 1996b).…”

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confidence: 97%

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The effect of condensed tannins from heated and unheated cottonseed on the ileal digestibility of amino acids for the growing rat and pig

Moughan

Barry

et al. 1996

Br J Nutr

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The effect of condensed tannins (CT) from heated and unheated cottonseed on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids for the growing rat and pig was determined. In Expt 1, twenty-four rats were allocated to four semi-purified diets which contained cottonseed kernel and hulls as the only protein source. Two of the diets contained unheated solvent-extracted cottonseed kernel and hulls, while the remaining two diets contained similar material but which had been heat-treated by autoclaving at 110 degrees for 120 min. In Expt 2, twelve rats and twelve pigs were fed on four semi-purified diets containing commercial cottonseed meal (CSM) as the only protein source. Cr2O3 was added to all diets as an indigestible marker. For each pair of diets in both experiments, PEG was either included or excluded. The effect of CT was assessed by comparing control animals (-PEG; CT acting) with PEG-supplemented animals (+PEG; CT inactivated). Ileal contents from the terminal 150 and 450 mm of ileum were collected at slaughter, 7 h from the start of feeding, for the rats and pigs respectively. Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility for rats fed on the diet containing cottonseed kernel and hulls was significantly depressed by the heat treatment, particularly for lysine and threonine. On average, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in the diets without PEG was decreased from 0.80 to 0.70 by heat treatment. Dietary cottonseed CT depressed apparent ileal protein digestibility in the pig and in the rat. The addition of PEG to the diets significantly increased the apparent ileal digestibility of N and some amino acids for the pigs and the rats. The mean increase in apparent ileal digestibility due to PEG addition for the fourteen amino acids was 2 percentage units in both species fed on the commercial CSM diets, and 2 or 4 percentage units in rats fed on the unheated or the heated cottonseed kernel and hull diets respectively. The effect of PEG was similar in the heated and unheated cottonseed kernel and hulls for most amino acids, but apparent ileal digestibilities of threonine, tyrosine and lysine were increased more by PEG in heated than in unheated CSM. Apparent ileal N digestibility was lower in the pig than in the rat. For several of the amino acids there were significant animal species differences in apparent ileal digestibility. Studies into the effects of cottonseed CT should be carried out in the target animal species. The commercial CSM had a low apparent ileal amino acid digestibility overall, particularly for the essential amino acids lysine and threonine. It was concluded that effects of heating did not eliminate the reversible reactivity of cottonseed CT on amino acid digestion in rats and pigs but rather appeared to increase it for threonine, tyrosine and lysine in Expt 1, causing large reductions in apparent ileal digestibility of these amino acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 97%

The effect of condensed tannins from heated and unheated cottonseed on the ileal digestibility of amino acids for the growing rat and pig

Moughan

Barry

et al. 1996

Br J Nutr

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The effect of cottonseed condensed tannins on the ileal digestibility of amino acids in casein and cottonseed kernel

Moughan

Barry

1996

Br J Nutr

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The effect of adding cottonseed hulls to casein-and cottonseed-kernel-based diets on the apparent and true ileal digestibility of N and amino acids, and the proportion of this effect accounted for by condensed tannin (CT), were determined using the growing rat. Sixty rats were allocated randomly to ten semipurified diets, containing either casein (four diets) or purified unheated solvent-extracted cottonseed kernel (six diets) as the sole protein source, with Cr,O, added as an indigestible marker. Two of the casein diets contained no hulls whilst the remaining two diets contained 70 g cottonseed hulls/kg. Two of the cottonseed-kernel-based diets contained no hulls, with two containing 23 g huUs/kg and the remaining two containing 46 g hulls/kg. For each pair of diets, PEG was either included or excluded. The effect of CT was quantified by comparing control rats (-PEG; CT acting) with PEG-supplemented rats (+PEG; CT inactivated) at each level of dietary hulls. The rats were given their respective experimental diets for 14 d. Each rat was given the food ad libitum for 10 min hourly from 08.00 to 18.00 hours. On day 14, samples of digesta were collected at death from the terminal 150 mm of ileum at 7 h from the first meal. Apparent and true ileal digestibilities were calculated for DM, N and the individual amino acids. The principal finding was that the inclusion of hulls depressed the apparent and true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids, but with the response differing between diets. With the casein-based diet the mean apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibilities were significantly depressed from 0.89 and 096 to 0.85 and 092 respectively, by the inclusion of 70 g hullslkg in the diet, and addition of PEG then restored these to 0.89 and 0.95. All of the depression could be explained by the CT content of the hulls. However, with the cottonseed-kernel-based diet the responses fell into three categories. The apparent and true ileal digestibilities of the essential amino acids cystine and methionine were not affected by hull addition, ileal digestibilities of leucine, isoleucine, lysine, threonine and valine were markedly depressed by hull addition with approximately 50% of the depression being explained by CT, whilst the ileal digestibilities of histidine, arginine and phenylalanine were depressed by hull addition but little or none of this effect could be explained by CT. Thus the effect of hulls on protein digestion clearly differed with source of protein. With the cottonseed-kernel-based diet it seems that components of the hulls other than CT also depressed the apparent and true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids. The identity of these components is unknown.

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Evaluation of homoarginine as a marker for the determination of endogenous amino acid concentrations in poultry excreta

Angkanaporn

Ravindran²,

Mollah³

et al. 1997

British Poultry Science

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1. Endogenous amino acid losses in ileal digesta and excreta of adults cockerels fed on diets containing guanidinated forms of casein, soyabean meal and cottonseed meal were determined using homoarginine as a marker. 2. The ileal endogenous amino acid losses were markedly higher (P < 0.001) in birds given the cottonseed meal diet compared to those given the other two diets. The ileal endogenous protein was rich in aspartic acid, serine and glutamic acid. 3. Negative values were obtained for endogenous amino acid output in excreta. These aberrant values were caused by high concentrations of homoarginine in the excreta. A subsequent study with broiler chickens showed that the homoarginine in excreta was of urinary origin. 4. These results indicate that the homoarginine technique is not suitable for determining endogenous amino acid losses in excreta, but applicable when determinations are made in the terminal ileum.

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Effect of condensed tannin in cottonseed hulls on endogenous ileal amino acid loss in the growing rat

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

The effect of condensed tannins from heated and unheated cottonseed on the ileal digestibility of amino acids for the growing rat and pig

The effect of condensed tannins from heated and unheated cottonseed on the ileal digestibility of amino acids for the growing rat and pig

The effect of cottonseed condensed tannins on the ileal digestibility of amino acids in casein and cottonseed kernel

Evaluation of homoarginine as a marker for the determination of endogenous amino acid concentrations in poultry excreta

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