Effect of compressive loading on the risk of spalling

Carré, Hélène; Pimienta, Pierre; Borderie, Christian La; Pereira, Francisco Flaviano De Andrade; Mindeguia, Jean‐Christophe

doi:10.1051/matecconf/20130601007

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Another set of tests is generally focused on slabs or prismatic specimens under different conditions of heating and loading. In many cases heating is applied on one face only, while external loading can be applied via active or passive systems, in one [22][23][24][25][26][27] or two directions [14,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire spalling sensitivity of high-performance concrete in heated slabs under biaxial compressive loading

2019

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Explosive spalling of concrete exposed to fire consists in the violent expulsion of shards from the hot surface due to the interaction between cracking and pore pressure build-up. Fire spalling relevantly increases the overall thermal damage of a structure exposed to fire, thus leading to much higher costs in the repair intervention, and in some cases it can even jeopardize the structural stability due to loss of reinforcement protection and reduction of the bearing cross-sections. High-performance concrete is particularly sensitive to spalling phenomenon due to inherent material features, such as the unstable fracture behaviour and the low permeability (favouring high values of pore pressure). In this context, an experimental campaign has been carried out on high-performance concrete (f c & 60 MPa with silico-calcareous aggregate), without or with one of three different fibre types (steel fibre, monofilament or fibrillated polypropylene fibres). Tests were performed by means of a special test setup developed at Politecnico di Milano, based on slabs (800 9 800 9 100 mm) subjected to Standard Fire at the bottom and to biaxial compressive loading in the mid-plane, while monitoring pore pressure, temperature and deflection. Explosive spalling was observed in both plain concrete slabs and in one of the two slabs with steel fibre, this casting some doubts on the use of steel fibre alone against spalling. No detachment was observed when polypropylene fibre was added to the mix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common evidence is that (1) relevant spalling is unlikely in small specimens when stress is caused just by thermal gradients, (2) external compression applied during heating increases spalling probability [24,26,28], and (3) biaxial loading conditions are more severe than uniaxial ones [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire spalling sensitivity of high-performance concrete in heated slabs under biaxial compressive loading

2019

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“…The results were in accordance with the presumption of negative influences of compressive forces to the risk of concrete spalling. 5 The temperatures in the depth of 25 mm started to differ after 14 minutes of fire exposure with the final difference of up to 150°C just before the collapse of the slab (see the upper part of Fig. 4).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Results -Thermal Load Of Test Specimensmentioning

confidence: 95%

Possibilities of observation of behaviour of concrete- and cement-based composite materials exposed to high temperatures

Bodnárová

Horak

Válek

et al. 2015

Materials Research Innovations

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The paper describes possibilities of observation of behaviour of concrete-and cement-based composite material exposed to high temperatures. Nowadays, for large-scale tests of behaviour of concrete exposed to high temperatures, testing devices of certified fire testing stations and laboratories are used. These tests are quite expensive. For experimental verification of smaller test specimens, a testing device was built at the Brno University of Technology, where tests of thermal loading of concrete tests specimens of various sizes can be carried out (dimensions up to 800 × 800 × 800 mm or slabs of length up to 1100 mm). The testing device opens new ways of observation of behaviour of concrete-and cement-based composite materials exposed to high temperatures. First test results are discussed to prove their applicability in comparison with large-scale tests.

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“…The addition of a moderate amount of compression has been shown to increase the likelihood of spalling. Carré et al (2013) exposed specimens with a concrete strength of 37MPa to an ISO 834 (2002) time-temperature curve. With up to a 10MPa compression on these specimens, no spalling was recorded.…”

Section: Applied Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of concrete cast in permeable moulds to severe heating

Richards

Rickard

Orr

et al. 2018

Construction and Building Materials

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This paper evaluates the effect that a permeable mould, such as would be used to create fabric-formed concrete, may have on the heat-induced explosive spalling performance of cast concrete, using a novel experimental fire testing method and supported by scanning electron microscopy. Recent research suggests that a concrete cast using fabric formwork will gain durability enhancements at the cast surface that may negatively affect pore-pressure expulsion during severe heating. Six concrete samples were cast using high strength concrete including silica fume and tested using the University of Edinburgh's Heat-Transfer Rate Inducing System (H-TRIS), receiving thermal loading on one surface. Three samples were cast in permeable moulds, formed using a Huesker HaTe PES 70/70 single layer woven geotextile with a characteristic opening size (O 90) of 0.1x10-3 m. Three samples were cast in conventional impermeable timber moulds. The tests showed no conclusive evidence of differences in thermal profile or differential thermal deflections between the two casting methods; no occurrences of heat-induced explosive spalling were observed for either casting method. However, scanning electron microscopy undertaken on additional samples showed that the test face of samples cast in permeable moulds were over four times less porous compared to their impermeably cast equivalents. This could increase the risk of spalling of samples, particularly in cases where pore-pressure spalling dominates the material response. However, additional fire testing using H-TRIS is needed under a range of heating and loading conditions, before definitive conclusions on the spalling propensity of fabric-formed concrete can be made.

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Effect of compressive loading on the risk of spalling

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Fire spalling sensitivity of high-performance concrete in heated slabs under biaxial compressive loading

Fire spalling sensitivity of high-performance concrete in heated slabs under biaxial compressive loading

Possibilities of observation of behaviour of concrete- and cement-based composite materials exposed to high temperatures

Response of concrete cast in permeable moulds to severe heating

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