Effect of compatibilizers on the crystallization kinetics of cellulose-filled high density polyethylene

Palaniyandi, Velmurugan; Simonsen, John Lionel

doi:10.1163/156855407779230308

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For WF, there are still some arguments on if it is a nucleating agent for HDPE. The studies from Mucha and Królikowski16 and Zou et al17 have revealed that WF does not act as a nucleating agent for the HDPE matrix, but some others do not draw such a conclusion 9, 10, 18, 19. In this study, WF does not act as a nucleating agent for HDPE, because the large size of WF may limit the melt flow of polymer and restrict its rearrangement due to steric hindrance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…For composites based on semicrystalline polymer matrices, their crystallization behavior has a predominant effect on the ultimate properties of the resulting composites 6. Addition of reinforcing fiber can result in considerable change of both crystal morphology and crystallinity of thermoplastic polymer matrices,6, 7, 8–12 and so it is of great importance to investigate the crystallization behavior of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites. The study on the crystallization of four different types of flax fiber (green flax, dew retted flax, Duralin®‐treated flax, and stearic acid‐sized flax) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites has shown that the fiber surface roughness can affect the morphology of the PP transcrystalline layer, which may significantly improve the flax‐PP interfacial bonding 8.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study on the crystallization of four different types of flax fiber (green flax, dew retted flax, Duralin®‐treated flax, and stearic acid‐sized flax) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites has shown that the fiber surface roughness can affect the morphology of the PP transcrystalline layer, which may significantly improve the flax‐PP interfacial bonding 8. In the case of wood flour (WF) as the reinforcing element, the crystallinity of polymer matrices highly depends on wood species, size, chemical composition, chemical treatment, surface polarity, and topography 9, 10. Compared to PET, glass, and sisal fibers, aramid fibers are more effective in promoting transcrystallinity of PP 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isothermal crystallization kinetics of Kevlar fiber‐reinforced wood flour/high‐density polyethylene composites

Xie

Guo

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Kevlar fiber [KF; poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)] can be used as a reinforcing element to improve the mechanical properties of the resulting wood thermoplastic composites. This study was devised to investigate the effects of incorporation of KF on the isothermal crystallization kinetics of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in the resulting composites using differential scanning calorimetry. Avrami model was applied to describe the isothermal crystallization process, and the fold surface-free energy was calculated according to the Hoffman-Lauritzen theory. Comparative study of neat HDPE, wood flour/HDPE composite (WPC), virgin KF-reinforced WPC (KFWPC), and grafted Kevlar fiber (GKF)-reinforced WPC (GKFWPC) showed that the overall crystallization rate, the activation energy, the equilibrium melting temperature, and the fold surface-free energy of the WPC were apparently changed due to the addition of KF; the crystallizability exhibited an order of KFWPC > GKFWPC > HDPE > WPC. The incorporation of virgin KF may cause the heterogeneous nucleation to induce a change in the crystal growth of HDPE from the tridimensional to bidimensional or to the mixed patterns. Avrami exponent values of the composites decreased with time, confirming the change of crystallization behavior. This study demonstrates that both the KF and GKF can act as nucleating agents to improve the crystallization rate of HDPE. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 126: E2-E9, 2012

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isothermal crystallization kinetics of Kevlar fiber‐reinforced wood flour/high‐density polyethylene composites

Xie

Guo

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…These nanostructures are used to produce nanocomposites and reinforce the properties of the materials. Palaniyandi and Simonsen [183] studied microcrystalline cellulose as filler compounded with HDPE in the presence of coupling agent to disperse cellulose. The presence of microcrystalline cellulose (i.e.…”

Section: Extrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene Composites with Lignocellulosic Material

Fernandes

Mano

Reis

2015

Polyethylene‐Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites

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The aim of this chapter is to describe in detail the advances in polyethylene reinforced with lignocellulosic material. Indeed, the successful employment of natural based materials to reinforce/improve the properties of polyolefins has been growing in a wide range of applications. Firstly, basic concepts and terminology adopted in the lignocellulosic composite materials are reviewed. The objective is to bring the reader's attention to important issues that must to be taken into account when working in this subject as well as by providing the most appropriate references for those with interest to delve into the topic. In the context of polyethylenelignocellulosic composites, ongoing research is then summarised mainly focussing on (i) the main aspects related to the selection of the commonly used lignocellulosic materials and the potential of its main chemical constituents, (ii) the principal methods used for the improvement of interfacial adhesion and (iii) the main adopted processing routes and the composite properties. Finally, applications, new challenges and opportunities of these polyethylene-lignocellulosic composites are also discussed.

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“…Bouza et al [3] found that the addition of ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer in WPC not only cancels out the heterogeneous nucleation effect of the wood particles but also reduced the growth rate of PP crystals with respect to pure PP. Palaniyandi et al [15] compared the effects of maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAHPE) and a combination of alkyl ketene dimer and polymethylene diphenyl diisocyanate (AKD-PMDI) compatibilizers on the crystallization kinetics of cellulose-filled HDPE. They found that MAHPE did not change the nucleation behavior, but AKD-PMDI obviously caused a suppressed nucleating behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Highly Filled Wood Plastic Composites: Effect of Wood Particles Content and Compatibilizer

Wang

Liu

et al. 2011

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B

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The isothermal crystallization behavior and crystal structure of the polypropylene (PP) component in wood plastic composites (WPC) with respect to wood particle content and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAHPP) compatibilizer were studied by means of polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that under the experimental conditions of this research, the speed of crystallization of PP was faster in WPC with MAHPP than in composites without MAHPP. This is ascribed to the difference in undercooling due to the change in the equilibrium melting temperatures (T 0 m ) of the PP component in WPC due to the addition of wood flour and MAHPP compatibilizer. T 0 m decreased with the increase of wood particle content, and it decreased more severely with the addition of wood flour than the addition of compatibilizer. The half-crystallization time was the smallest in PP/wood composites, intermediate in PP/wood/compatibilizer system, and the largest in pure PP under the same undercooling. The fast crystallization in PP/wood composites is ascribed to the heterogeneous nucleation effects of wood particles, which could be hindered by the MAHPP compatibilizers; this was verified by the higher fold surface free energy in WPC with compatibilizer than in WPC without compatibilizer.

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Effect of compatibilizers on the crystallization kinetics of cellulose-filled high density polyethylene

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Isothermal crystallization kinetics of Kevlar fiber‐reinforced wood flour/high‐density polyethylene composites

Isothermal crystallization kinetics of Kevlar fiber‐reinforced wood flour/high‐density polyethylene composites

Polyethylene Composites with Lignocellulosic Material

Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Highly Filled Wood Plastic Composites: Effect of Wood Particles Content and Compatibilizer

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