Effect of compatibilization on the oxygen‐barrier properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(m‐xylylene adipamide) blends

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The improvement of the oxygen-barrier properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) via blending with an aromatic polyamide [poly(m-xylylene adipamide) (MXD6)] was studied. The compatibilization of the blends was attempted through the incorporation of small amounts of sodium 5-sulfoisophthalate (SIPE) into the PET matrix. The possibility of a transamidation reaction between PET and MXD6 was eliminated by 13 C-NMR analysis of melt blends with 20 wt % MXD6. An examination of the blend morphology by atomic force microscopy revealed that SIPE effectively compatibilized the blends by reducing the MXD6 particle size. Thermal analysis showed that MXD6 had a nucleating effect on the crystallization of PET, whereas the crystallization of MXD6 was inhibited, especially in compatibilized blends. Blending 10 wt % MXD6 with PET had only a small effect on the oxygen permeability of the unoriented blend when it was measured at 43% relative humidity, as predicted by the Maxwell model. However, biaxially oriented films with 10 wt % MXD6 had significantly reduced oxygen permeability in comparison with PET. The permeability at 43% relative humidity was reduced by a factor of 3 in compatibilized blends. Biaxial orientation transformed spherical MXD6 domains into platelets oriented in the plane of the film. An enhanced barrier arose from the increased tortuosity of the diffusion pathway due to the high aspect ratio of MXD6 platelets. The aspect ratio was calculated from the macroscopic draw ratio and confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The reduction in permeability was satisfactorily described by the Nielsen model. The decrease in the oxygen permeability of biaxially oriented films was also achieved in bottle walls blown from blends of PET with MXD6.

Oxygen permeation in PET bottles with passive and active walls

“…This value corresponds to an estimate of 27 for the aspect ratio in Nielsen's equation, which was then assumed constant for all the numerical simulations. The value of 27 for the aspect ratio was in line with the few data available in literature for the reduction of oxygen permeability in inert added PET fi lms, 15,20 as shown in Figure 6.…”

Film Processability, Morphology, and Properties of Polyamide-6/Low Density Polyethylene Blends

“…In particular the system PA6/HDPE has been produced by ribbon extrusion [6], blow-molding [5,13,15], and compression molding [12,16,17]. Other systems like PA6/polyethylene terephtalate (PET) [18], low density polyethylene LDPE/ethyl-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) [19], and PA6/EVOH [20] received a lot of attention due to their application in packaging.…”

Effect of phase morphology and interfacial strength on barrier properties of high density polyethylene/polyamide 6 membranes

“…However, the disadvantages of the method for improving barrier properties only by increasing pathway of small molecules passing through material are obvious. First, the formation of stable two‐dimensional sheets as dispersed phase in polymer blends closely relates to several basic parameters including composition, viscosity ratio, interfacial tension, and processing conditions and is hard to be controlled in practical processing [9–12]. Second, both barrier and resistance properties to polar and nonpolar molecules cannot be simultaneously improved.…”