Effect of commercial herbal toothpastes and mouth rinses on the prevention of enamel demineralization using a microcosm biofilm model

The Effect of Solutions Containing Extracts of <b><i>Vochysia tucanorum</i></b> Mart., <b><i>Myrcia bella</i></b>Cambess., <b><i>Matricaria chamomilla</i></b> L. and <b><i>Malva sylvestris</i></b> L. on Cariogenic Bacterial Species and Enamel Caries Development

“…Ten healthy participants (23.8 ± 3 years of age; 8 women and 2 men) took part in the study. The inclusion criteria of the saliva donors as well as the procedures for saliva collection under stimulation (salivary flow > 1 mL/min for 10 min) followed previously reported protocols [Braga et al, 2019]. The saliva was collected once in the morning.…”

“…The bovine specimens were donated by cattle slaughtered in the food manufacturing industry (Frigol S.A, Lençóis Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil). Thirty-six bovine enamel specimens (4 × 4 mm) were polished and evaluated with respect to an average roughness (Ra; contact profilometer Mahr, Göttingen, Germany) [Braga et al, 2019] to standardize the enamel surface for biofilm growth. Two parts of each third of the enamel surface were covered with red nail polish (Estreia-Colorama ® , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) to protect it from the biofilm and to create 2 reference areas (sound enamel), thus enabling later appropriate analysis of dental enamel demineralization on SD-OCT.…”

“…Human saliva was mixed with McBain saliva at a proportion of 1: 50. Microcosm biofilm was formed as previously described [Braga et al, 2019]; it was under anaerobiosis for 3 days (to allow the growth of anaerobic oral species) and changed to aerobiosis (7% CO 2 ) for the last 2 days (Fig. 1).…”

Research Advances in the Use of Bioactive Compounds from Vitis vinifera By-Products in Oral Care

“…They showed a significant reduction in oral streptococci after 48 h and seven days use at lower ratios when compared to pomegranate and guava extracts [ 17 ]. However, clinical studies focus on the activity of concentrated individual extracts or bioactive principles, while cosmetic products are complex formulations with many actives usually used in low concentrations and numerous inactive ingredients [ 166 ]. Besides the potential beneficial effects of V. vinifera extracts in oral care, in cosmetic development, it must also consider the appropriateness of the chosen excipients for PD.…”

“…The formulation of toothpastes includes numerous inactive ingredients, with different functions, as thickening agents (xanthan gum, carrageenan), humectants (glycerin), abrasive bases (calcium carbonate, silica, hydrated silica), foaming agents (lauryl glycoside, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, and sodium lauryl sulphate), preservatives (sodium benzoate), sweeteners, flavors and water as the solvent. The mouthwashes also contain a plethora of inactive ingredients like solvents (water, ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, PEG 40), surfactants (PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil), preservatives, sweeteners and flavors [ 166 , 185 ]. All these compounds in both kinds of toothpastes and mouthwashes can influence the release of actives and impact the quality of the product.…”