Effect of cluster multi‐diode light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on exercise‐induced skeletal muscle fatigue and skeletal muscle recovery in humans

Leal-Junior, Ernesto César Pinto; Lopes-Martins, Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão; Rossi, Rafael Paolo; Marchi, Thiago De; Baroni, Bruno Manfredini; Godoi, Vanessa de; Marcos, Rodrigo Labat; Ramos, Luciano; Bjordal, Jan Magnus

doi:10.1002/lsm.20810

Cited by 132 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Studies support that hypothesis that the ergogenic effects of phototherapy on muscles are due to increases in intramuscular microcirculation (Baroni et al, 2010b), decreases in the lactic acid production (Leal Junior et al, 2009a;Leal Junior et al, 2009b;Leal Junior et al, 2009d), improved mitochondrial function, improved antioxidant ability of the exercising muscles, enhanced contractile function, prevention of exercise-induced cell damage, and improved post exercise recovery of strength and function (Borsa et al, 2013;Leal Junior et al, 2011;Leal Junior et al, 2010b). Borsa et al (2013) critically evaluated these studies that address the ability of phototherapeutic devices, such as lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), to improve skeletal muscle contractile (2011) observed that preconditioning with LLLT before exercise also decreased the post-exercise improvement in the activities of CK and LDH compared to the placebo group, demonstrating that pre-treatment with LLLT can protect skeletal muscle against exercise-induced damage in long-duration exercises .…”

Section: Skeletal Muscle Pre-conditioning Through Lightmentioning

confidence: 72%

Pre-Conditioning with Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy: Light before the Storm

et al. 2014

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h Pre-conditioning by ischemia, hyperthermia, hypothermia, hyperbaric oxygen (and numerous other modalities) is a rapidly growing area of investigation that is used in pathological conditions where tissue damage may be expected. The damage caused by surgery, heart attack, or stroke can be mitigated by pre-treating the local or distant tissue with low levels of a stress-inducing stimulus, that can induce a protective response against subsequent major damage. Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been used for nearly 50 years to enhance tissue healing and to relieve pain, inflammation and swelling. The photons are absorbed in cytochrome(c) oxidase (unit four in the mitochondrial respiratory chain), and this enzyme activation increases electron transport, respiration, oxygen consumption and ATP production. A complex signaling cascade is initiated leading to activation of transcription factors and up-and down-regulation of numerous genes. Recently it has become apparent that LLLT can also be effective if delivered to normal cells or tissue before the actual insult or trauma, in a pre-conditioning mode. Muscles are protected, nerves feel less pain, and LLLT can protect against a subsequent heart attack. These examples point the way to wider use of LLLT as a pre-conditioning modality to prevent pain and increase healing after surgical/medical procedures and possibly to increase athletic performance.

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Section: Skeletal Muscle Pre-conditioning Through Lightmentioning

confidence: 72%

Pre-Conditioning with Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy: Light before the Storm

et al. 2014

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“…The effects of low-level laser (light) therapy on muscle tissue when applied before or after intense exercise are mainly related to the prevention of exercise-induced damage, promotion of faster muscle recovery, and also producing increases in performance [10,30,11]. The use of LLLT to prevent muscle damage has been widely investigated in experimental models [15][16][17][18][19][20] and in clinical trials [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Experimental studies have used animal models to induce muscle damage, and clinical trials have used protocols of exercise in isokinetic dynamometers, fitness machines, or free weight lifting to induce muscle damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light doses (Joules, J) used in previous studies were between 1 and 6 J delivered per diode laser, totaling 4 J [21] or 60 J [22] delivered to the biceps brachii; 30 and 40 J [23] or 180 J [24] delivered to the quadriceps femoris muscles. When the light source was LED, these studies used a cluster of 69 LEDs and applied 0.3 or 0.9 J per LED, totaling 41.7 J per site of irradiation and a total dose of 41.7 J delivered on biceps brachii [25]; 83.4 J [26] or 125.1 J [27] or 208.5 J [28] delivered to quadriceps femoris muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to investigate the effects of LLLT on Bmuscle protection^against exercise-induced muscle damage, different protocols of exercise or neuromuscular electrical stimulation have been used to induce muscle fatigue and damage in experimental models [15][16][17][18][19][20] and in clinical trials [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. These studies have evaluated different wavelengths and different light sources such as diode lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) before matches prevents increase in creatine kinase with a light dose response in volleyball players

et al. 2015

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Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been applied over skeletal muscles before intense exercise (muscular pre-conditioning) in order to reduce fatigue and muscle damage (measured by creatine kinase, CK) in clinical trials. However, previous exercise protocols do not exactly simulate the real muscle demand required in sports. For this reason, the aim of this randomized and double-blind placebocontrolled trial was to investigate whether light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) applied over the quadriceps femoris muscles, hamstrings, and triceps surae of volleyball players before official matches could prevent muscle damage (CK) with a dose response, establishing a therapeutic window. A professional male volleyball team (12 athletes) was enrolled in this study, and LEDT was applied before 4 matches during a national championship. LEDT used an array of 200 lightemitting diodes (LEDs) arranged in 25 clusters of 4 infrared LEDs (850±20 nm; 130 mW) and 25 clusters of 4 red LEDs (630±10 nm; 80 mW). Athletes were randomized to receive one of four different total doses over each muscle group in a double-blind protocol: 105 J (20 s), 210 J (40 s), 315 J (60 s), and placebo (no light for 30 s). CK in blood was assessed 1 h before and 24 h after each match. LEDT at 210 J avoided significant increases in CK (+10 %; P=0.993) as well as 315 J (+31 %, P=0.407). Placebo (0 J) allowed a significant increase in CK (+53 %; P=0.012) as well as LEDT at 105 J (+ 59 %; P=0.001). LEDT prevented significant increases of CK in blood in athletes when applied before official matches with a light dose response of 210-315 J, suggesting athletes might consider applying LEDT before competition.

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“…Phototherapy associated with resistance exercise protocols or muscular endurance has shown positive results, better than when performed in different groups, improving performance, endurance, and recovery from fatigue, proven by the various strength tests and the biomarker analyses such as lactate, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Leal-Junior et al 18 made a systematic review about LLLT/LEDT effects on performance among exercise, and at recovery markers after muscle fatigue. The study concludes that results more significant, and consistent, occurred with red or infrared wavelengths applied before exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Strength Training Protocol on Hand Grip by Dynamometry

et al. 2017

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) -660 nm and 904 nm -before grip strength protocol in healthy subjects. Methods:The study included 45 healthy volunteers with an average age of 22.7 (±1.4) years, subdivided into the following groups, control group: grip strength training associated with placebo LLLT; 660 nm group: LLLT (660 nm, 20 J/cm 2 , power of 30 mW, and beam area of 0.06 cm 2 , continuous, energy 1.2 J, and exposure time 40 seconds per point) before grip strength training and 904 nm group: LLLT (904 nm, 10 J/cm 2 , peak power of 70 W and 0.13 cm 2 beam area, with pulsed beam 9.500 Hz and 30 seconds of exposure time per point and emitted energy 1.2 J) before grip strength training. The LLLT was timed to contact 10 points located in the region of the superficial and deep flexor muscles of the fingers, with a total energy of 12.0 J per session. For the strength training protocol, the volunteer exercised their fingers with the dominant hand on a small table, elbow flexed at 90°, forearm in neutral, using a light extension handle. The Oxford protocol was performed during four weeks. The grip strength was assessed using a dynamometer (Jamar™). The data were evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical method. Results: In the comparison of intragroup evaluation, only the 904 nm group showed a difference compared to the baseline assessment after 4 weeks (P < 0.05), in the final intergroup evaluation, a difference was observed in the comparison between the control and 904 nm groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, LLLT (904 nm) applied before resistance training was effective in gaining grip strength when compared to LLLT (660 nm) and isolated strength training after 4 weeks.

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Effect of cluster multi‐diode light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on exercise‐induced skeletal muscle fatigue and skeletal muscle recovery in humans

Cited by 132 publications

References 21 publications

Pre-Conditioning with Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy: Light before the Storm

Pre-Conditioning with Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy: Light before the Storm

Light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) before matches prevents increase in creatine kinase with a light dose response in volleyball players

Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Strength Training Protocol on Hand Grip by Dynamometry

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