Effect of climatic conditions on endophyte and seed viability in stored ryegrass seed

Hume, D. E.; Schmid, Jan; Rolston, M. P.; Vijayan, Perumal; Hickey, M. J.

doi:10.15258/sst.2011.39.2.19

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Samson were obtained from the Margot Forde Germplasm Centre (Palmerston North, New Zealand). Epichloë strains utilized were the novel AR584 and the common-toxic (WT) in tall fescue, and the novel AR1 and AR37, and the commontoxic (WT) for perennial ryegrass, along with Epichloë-free controls (Nil) (Hume et al, 2013) (see section "Epichloë Detection and Mycelium Mass"). These germplasm was utilized to evaluate the effect of endophyte on foliar silicon concentrations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants were grown in their corresponding Si treatment for a further 7 week period to ensure functional Epichloë-grass symbiosis (Hume et al, 2013;Kaur et al, 2015). Tubes within the glasshouse were shifted randomly every week to minimize position bias, and the nutrient solution was refreshed three times a week to ensure optimal growth conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reciprocal Effects of Silicon Supply and Endophytes on Silicon Accumulation and Epichloë Colonization in Grasses

et al. 2020

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Cool season grasses associate asymptomatically with foliar Epichloë endophytic fungi in a symbiosis where Epichloë spp. protects the plant from a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, many grass species can accumulate large quantities of silicon (Si), which also alleviates a similar range of stresses. While Epichloë endophytes may improve uptake of minerals and nutrients, their impact on Si is largely unknown. Likewise, the effect of Si availability on Epichloë colonization remains untested. To assess the bidirectional relationship, we grew tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) hydroponically with or without Si. Grasses were associated with five different Epichloë endophyte strains [tall fescue: AR584 or wild type (WT); perennial ryegrass: AR37, AR1, or WT] or as Epichloë-free controls. Reciprocally beneficial effects were observed for tall fescue associations. Specifically, Epichloë presence increased Si concentration in the foliage of tall fescue by at least 31%, regardless of endophyte strain. In perennial ryegrass, an increase in foliar Si was observed only for plants associated with the AR37. Epichloë promotion of Si was (i) independent of responses in plant growth, and (ii) positively correlated with endophyte colonization, which lends support to an endophyte effect independent of their impacts on root growth. Moreover, Epichloë colonization in tall fescue increased by more than 60% in the presence of silicon; however, this was not observed in perennial ryegrass. The reciprocal benefits of Epichloë-endophytes and foliar Si accumulation reported here, especially for tall fescue, might further increase grass tolerance to stress.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal Effects of Silicon Supply and Endophytes on Silicon Accumulation and Epichloë Colonization in Grasses

et al. 2020

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“…For endophyte-infected seed, retention of endophyte viability is optimal under both low temperature and humidity conditions, where loss of viability can be significant under elevated temperature and humidity ( Rolston et al, 1986 ; Hume et al, 2013 ). Despite optimal storage conditions for endophyte viability being used in this study, it is often observed that the proportion of endophyte infected seedlings is lower than that of seeds, the degree of this difference appears to be host genotype and endophyte strain specific (unpubl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Transmission of Epichloë Endophytes in Lolium perenne Is Heavily Influenced by Host Genetics

et al. 2018

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Vertical transmission of symbiotic Epichloë endophytes from host grasses into progeny seed is the primary mechanism by which the next generation of plants is colonized. This process is often imperfect, resulting in endophyte-free seedlings which may have poor ecological fitness if the endophyte confers protective benefits to its host. In this study, we investigated the influence of host genetics and environment on the vertical transmission of Epichloë festucae var. lolii strain AR37 in the temperate forage grass Lolium perenne. The efficiency of AR37 transmission into the seed of over 500 plant genotypes from five genetically diverse breeding populations was determined. In Populations I–III, which had undergone previous selection for high seed infection by AR37, mean transmission was 88, 93, and 92%, respectively. However, in Populations IV and V, which had not undergone previous selection, mean transmission was 69 and 70%, respectively. The transmission values, together with single-nucleotide polymorphism data obtained using genotyping-by-sequencing for each host, was used to develop a genomic prediction model for AR37 seed transmission. The predictive ability of the model was estimated at r = 0.54. While host genotype contributed greatly to differences in AR37 seed transmission, undefined environmental variables also contributed significantly to seed transmission across different years and geographic locations. There was evidence for a small host genotype-by-environment effect; however this was less pronounced than genotype or environment alone. Analysis of endophyte infection levels in parent plants within Populations I and IV revealed a loss of endophyte infection over time in Population IV only. This population also had lower average tiller infection frequencies than Population I, suggesting that AR37 failed to colonize all the daughter tillers and therefore seeds. However, we also observed that infection of seed by AR37 may fail during or after initiation of floral development from plants where all tillers remained endophyte-infected over time. While the effects of environment and host genotype on fungal endophyte transmission have been evaluated previously, this is the first study that quantifies the relative impacts of host genetics and environment on endophyte vertical transmission.

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“…This is perhaps not surprising given that N. lolii was first introduced to New Zealand in the 1800s, in seeds brought to New Zealand by British immigrants (Stewart 2006). In the process almost all of the endophyte would probably have died as prolonged storage at ambient temperature has been shown to reduce the percentage of seeds with viable endophyte to zero (Siegel et al 1984;Hume et al 2011). Therefore, much of the ryegrass introduced to New Zealand was likely endophyte-free with subsequent N. lolii colonisation likely to be derived from a very small number of ancestral strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A morphological change in the fungal symbiont Neotyphodium lolii induces dwarfing in its host plant Lolium perenne

et al. 2012

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Effect of climatic conditions on endophyte and seed viability in stored ryegrass seed

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Reciprocal Effects of Silicon Supply and Endophytes on Silicon Accumulation and Epichloë Colonization in Grasses

Reciprocal Effects of Silicon Supply and Endophytes on Silicon Accumulation and Epichloë Colonization in Grasses

Seed Transmission of Epichloë Endophytes in Lolium perenne Is Heavily Influenced by Host Genetics

A morphological change in the fungal symbiont Neotyphodium lolii induces dwarfing in its host plant Lolium perenne

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