A morphological change in the fungal symbiont Neotyphodium lolii induces dwarfing in its host plant Lolium perenne

Simpson, Wayne R.; Schmid, Jan; Singh, Jaspreet; Faville, Marty J.; Johnson, Richard D.

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.11.006

Cited by 79 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Inoculated plants were then maintained at 22°C in the dark for 7 days, followed by 22°C in the light for 7 days, before being transplanted into potting mix and maintained under glasshouse conditions. After 12 weeks, six tillers from each plant were tested for endophyte infection by tissue print immuno-assay using an Epichloë -specific polyclonal anti-serum (Simpson et al, 2012). Plants were inoculated as described on two independent occasions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

cAMP Signaling Regulates Synchronised Growth of Symbiotic Epichloë Fungi with the Host Grass Lolium perenne

et al. 2016

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The seed-transmitted fungal symbiont, Epichloë festucae, colonizes grasses by infecting host tissues as they form on the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of the seedling. How this fungus accommodates the complexities of plant development to successfully colonize the leaves and inflorescences is unclear. Since adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling is often essential for host colonization by fungal pathogens, we disrupted the cAMP cascade by insertional mutagenesis of the E. festucae adenylate cyclase gene (acyA). Consistent with deletions of this gene in other fungi, acyA mutants had a slow radial growth rate in culture, and hyphae were convoluted and hyper-branched suggesting that fungal apical dominance had been disrupted. Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining of hyphae showed that cAMP disruption mutants were impaired in their ability to synthesize superoxide, indicating that cAMP signaling regulates accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite significant defects in hyphal growth and ROS production, E. festucae ΔacyA mutants were infectious and capable of forming symbiotic associations with grasses. Plants infected with E. festucae ΔacyA were marginally less robust than the wild-type (WT), however hyphae were hyper-branched, and leaf tissues heavily colonized, indicating that the tight regulation of hyphal growth normally observed in maturing leaves requires functional cAMP signaling.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

cAMP Signaling Regulates Synchronised Growth of Symbiotic Epichloë Fungi with the Host Grass Lolium perenne

et al. 2016

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“…In late January 2012, 50 ryegrass tillers were cut at ground level from each paddock (except S-NIL) and percentage endophyte infection determined using a tissue-print immunoblot procedure (Simpson et al 2012). On 16 January 2013, approximately 100 tillers from T-NEA2 were immunoblotted and the endophyteinfected tillers DNA typed by a simple sequence repeat assay for endophyte strain (Card et al 2014).…”

Section: Herbage Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence of ryegrass staggers and heat stress in sheep grazing ryegrass-endophyte associations with diverse alkaloid profiles

Fletcher

Finch

Sutherland

et al. 2017

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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AIMS: To compare ryegrass pastures infected with endophytes producing diverse alkaloids for their ability to cause ryegrass staggers in grazing lambs; to compare respiration rates and rectal temperatures of these lambs after exposure to heat stress, and to compare liveweight gains during the study period.METHODS: Ryegrass pastures of cultivar Trojan infected with NEA endophytes, branded NEA2 (T-NEA2), endophyte-free Trojan (T-NIL), Samson infected with standard endophyte (S-STD), Samson infected with AR37 endophyte (S-AR37) and endophyte-free Samson (S-NIL), were grazed by lambs (n=30 per cultivar) for up to 48 days in February and March of 2012 and 2013. Pasture samples were analysed for alkaloid concentrations and lambs were scored for ryegrass staggers at intervals during the study period. Liveweight was recorded at the start (Day 0) and end of the study, and rectal temperatures and respiratory rates were measured in lambs exposed to heat stress on Days 23 and 26, in 2012 and 2013, respectively. RESULTS: Concentrations of alkaloids were lower in 2012 than 2013, associated with warmer and drier conditions in 2013, and the prevalence of ryegrass staggers was low in 2012. In 2013, concentrations of ergovaline were similar in T-NEA2 and S-STD, but concentrations of lolitrem B were lower in T-NEA2 than S-STD. S-AR37 produced epoxy-janthitrems but no lolitrem B or ergovaline. In 2013, by Day 20, 9/30 (30%) sheep grazing S-STD had severe staggers (score ≥4), and by Day 47 all sheep had been removed from this cultivar due to severe staggers. By Day 47, 18/30 (60%), 4/30 (13%) and 0/ 30 (0%) sheep grazing S-AR37, T-NEA2 and T-NIL pastures, respectively, had severe staggers. There were no differences in mean daily weight gain of lambs between cultivars in either year. In both years, mean rectal temperature and respiration rate following exposure to heat stress were highest in sheep grazing S-STD and T-NEA2, and lowest in sheep grazing T-NIL. CONCLUSIONS: In lambs grazing different ryegrass pastures infected with endophytes, ryegrass staggers was most severe on S-STD, less severe on S-AR37 and least on T-NEA2. When under heat stress, lambs grazing ergovaline-producing S-STD and T-NEA2 pastures had increased respiration rates and rectal temperatures compared with lambs grazing T-NIL.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: If ambient temperatures are suitable, NEA2-branded endophytes have the potential to express concentrations of ergovaline sufficient to induce heat stress in grazing sheep.

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“…In addition, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue (Fescue arundinacea) and meadow fescue (Fescue pratensis) plants naturally-infected with other endophyte strains (Supplementary Table 1) were grown from seed from the collections of the Margot Forde Germplasm Centre (Palmerston North, New Zealand) and maintained under glasshouse conditions. Plants were tested for endophyte infection by tissue-print immunoblotting as previously described (Simpson et al, 2012). For the metabolomics analysis, plants were harvested at 14 weeks old between 7 and 9 h of lighting.…”

Section: Plant Growth Conditions Inoculation and Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel family of cyclic oligopeptides derived from ribosomal peptide synthesis of an in planta-induced gene, gigA, in Epichloë endophytes of grasses

Johnson

Lane

Koulman

et al. 2015

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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A morphological change in the fungal symbiont Neotyphodium lolii induces dwarfing in its host plant Lolium perenne

Cited by 79 publications

References 42 publications

cAMP Signaling Regulates Synchronised Growth of Symbiotic Epichloë Fungi with the Host Grass Lolium perenne

cAMP Signaling Regulates Synchronised Growth of Symbiotic Epichloë Fungi with the Host Grass Lolium perenne

The occurrence of ryegrass staggers and heat stress in sheep grazing ryegrass-endophyte associations with diverse alkaloid profiles

A novel family of cyclic oligopeptides derived from ribosomal peptide synthesis of an in planta-induced gene, gigA, in Epichloë endophytes of grasses

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