Effect of climate conditions on the thermodynamic performance of a data center cooling system under water-side economization

Díaz, Andrés J.; Cáceres, Rodrigo; Torres, Rodrigo; Cardemil, José M.; Silva-Llanca, Luis

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109634

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Mahdi 7 compares the energy‐savings of three kinds of free cooling economizers in Iran and finds that the water‐side economizer shows the highest energy‐saving effect in Tabriz, Iran. Diaz 8 mainly compares the water‐side economizer's performance with an indirect evaporative cooler under different climate conditions. Agrawal 9 evaluates the effect of the water‐side economizer under different climate zones and compares the water consumption of the cooling system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal setting parameters of cooling system under different climate zones for data center energy efficiency

Liu

Dong

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The high rates of electricity consumption in data centers become a worldwide concern. Water‐side free cooling is an effective solution to reduce the energy consumed by the data center's cooling system. However, the water‐side free cooling system is not well planned, and the free cooling utilization rate is low in different climate zone. Moreover, the effects of local climatic conditions on the optimal setting parameters have not been researched. In this study, the optimal setting in chilled water supply temperature, temperature difference, and chilled water return temperature is analyzed to enhance the efficiency of the free cooling system. We observed that the optimal setting could reduce annual energy consumption by 23.5%–60.8% in various climate zones and has substantial energy‐saving potential in the subtropical highland climate zone. The results show that the optimal setting parameters are highly affected by the annual accumulative wet‐bulb temperature distribution. Furthermore, considering a monthly analysis of these enhanced parameters, we proposed a dual‐working condition cooling system for the data center's future construction. This research work guides the design of such cooling systems in various climate zones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal setting parameters of cooling system under different climate zones for data center energy efficiency

Liu

Dong

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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“…Among the free cooling systems, WSE does not directly introduce outside air but rather produces chilled water using a cooling tower and heat exchanger. It is therefore often preferred because of the unlimited humidity conditions under which it can operate, or the inflow of contaminants from ambient environment, and for being more economical than ASE [6][7][8][9][10]. Accordingly, in recent years, there has been ongoing research in terms of applying WSE to data centers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study by Diaz (2020), the potential of WSE was investigated for different climatic conditions in Chile [7]. The Annual average COP was increased by 7.8-9.7 compared to normal operation in a cool summer Mediterranean climate, while the annual average COP was the lowest in the desert climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Energy Reduction Measures of Data Centers through Chilled Water Temperature Control and Water-Side Economizer

Kim

Park

et al. 2021

Energies

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The degree of integration of IT devices and consumption of cooling energy are consistently increasing owing to developments in the data center industry. Hence, to ensure the smooth operation and fault prevention of IT devices, the energy consumption of cooling systems has increased, leading to active research on improvements in cooling system performance for reducing energy consumption. This study examines the reduction in cooling energy consumption using a simulation by applying chilled water control and a water-side economizer (WSE) system to enhance the cooling system efficiency. The simulation results showed that the energy consumption was reduced by 1.8% when the chilled water temperature was set to 11 °C in a conventional system and by up to 19.6% when WSE was also applied. Furthermore, when the changes in chilled water temperature were applied for efficient operation of WSE, the energy consumption was reduced by up to 30.1% compared to that in conventional energy systems.

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“…Economizer control has significant energy saving potential in commercial buildings. Numerous studies recently explored the effect of diverse economizer control types on energy conservation [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Yao and Wang investigated the energy savings potential of temperature-based and enthalpy-based economizer cycles on VAV systems using a simulation program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, some researchers focused on optimization-based strategies [28] and damper controls [23] to improve the energy efficiency of economizer controls. As for building type, economizer controls have been applied in a variety of building types, such as data centers [24][25][26][27], office buildings [19,21], and residential homes [28,29]. However, case studies of hospitals are still uncommon in the field of economizer research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Conservation Potential of Economizer Controls Using Optimal Outdoor Air Fraction Based on Field Study

2020

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In commercial buildings, HVAC systems are becoming a primary driver of energy consumption, which already account for 45% of the total building energy consumption. In the previous literature, researchers have studied several energy conservation measures to reduce HVAC system energy consumption. One of the effective ways is an economizer in air-handling units. Therefore, this study quantified the impact of the outdoor air fraction by economizer control type in cooling system loads based on actual air-handling unit operation data in a hospital. The optimal outdoor air fraction and energy performance for economizer control types were calculated and analyzed. The result showed that economizer controls using optimal outdoor air fraction were up to 45% more efficient in cooling loads than existing HVAC operations in the hospital. The energy savings potential was 6–14% of the differential dry-bulb temperature control, 17–27% of the differential enthalpy control, 8–17% of the differential dry-bulb temperature and high-limit differential enthalpy control, and 16–27% of the differential enthalpy and high-limit differential dry-bulb temperature control compared to the no economizer control. The result of this study will contribute to providing a better understanding of economizer controls in the hospital when the building operates in hot-humid climate regions.

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Effect of climate conditions on the thermodynamic performance of a data center cooling system under water-side economization

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Optimal setting parameters of cooling system under different climate zones for data center energy efficiency

Optimal setting parameters of cooling system under different climate zones for data center energy efficiency

A Study on the Energy Reduction Measures of Data Centers through Chilled Water Temperature Control and Water-Side Economizer

Energy Conservation Potential of Economizer Controls Using Optimal Outdoor Air Fraction Based on Field Study

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