Effect of citric acid crosslinking cellulose‐based hydrogels on osteogenic differentiation

Abstract

Understanding the relationships between material surface properties and cellular responses is essential to designing optimal material surfaces for implantation and tissue engineering. In this study, cellulose hydrogels were crosslinked using a non-toxic and natural component namely citric acid. The chemical treatment induces COOH functional groups that improve the hydrophilicity, roughness, and materials rheological properties. The physiochemical, morphological, and mechanical analyses were performed to analyze the material surface before and after crosslinking. This approach would help determine if the effect of chemical treatment on cellulose hydrogel improves the hydrophilicity, roughness, and rheological properties of the scaffold. In this study, it was demonstrated that the biological responses of human mesenchymal stem cell with regard to cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were influenced in vitro by changing the surface chemistry and roughness.

Nanostructured potassium copper hexacyanoferrate-cellulose hydrogel for selective and rapid cesium adsorption

“…As shown in Fig. 3(d), the peak at 1743 cm -1 in CA, which is the stretching band of carboxylic acid, moved to 1725-1730 cm -1 in the cellulose hydrogel and HCF-gel-1 after the crosslinking reaction between CA and cellulose at 80 [29]. The peak shift indicates the presence of ester groups, and the gelation from these groups formed water-stable films holding the KCuHCF particles.…”

“…Fig. 3(c) shows the characteristic peaks of O-H stretching (3000-3400 cm -1 ), C-H stretching (2850-3000 cm -1 ), C=O stretching (1725-1735 cm -1 ), glucose ring (1590-1610 cm -1 ), C-O stretching (1000-1320 cm -1 ) and C-C stretching (1300-1500 cm -1 ) for the cellulose hydrogel and HCF-gel-1 [28,29]. Comparing HCF-gel-1 to the cellulose hydrogel, the C N stretching band at 2096 cm -1 , Fe 2+ -C N-deformation band at 587 cm -1 , and -C N-Cu 2+ deformation band at 484 cm -1 were additionally observed in the spectra [5,18], thus confirming the formation of the cellulose hydrogel-KCuHCF composite.…”

“…Hydrogels based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) crosslinked with citric acid (CA) have been reported as a superabsorbent because of its open-porous structure and hydrophilicity [28][29][30]. Because high water retention and diffusivity are important properties for immobilizing media, cellulose-based hydrogels can be an attractive option for the immobilization of KCuHCF particles.…”

Effects of Genipin Concentration on Cross-Linked Chitosan Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Structural Characterization and Evidence of Biocompatibility Features

“…Several materials have been developed and analyzed to be used for this purpose, including bioactive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA) [5], beta-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) [6], biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) [7], calcium phosphate 2 International Journal of Polymer Science cements [8], bioactive glass [9], and several biodegradable polymers [10][11][12][13].…”

Fabrication and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose novel microparticles for bone tissue engineering

“…1) with improved physico-chemical and biological properties. CMC has been studied as an injectable gels, composites and films for potential bone regeneration applications [3–5]. In vivo study done with CMC showed that when used as a hybrid injectable material with calcium phosphate and bone morphogenetic protein can induce greater bone formation in rat tibial defect site [6].…”