Effect of chronic sleep deprivation and sleep recovery on hippocampal CA3 neurons, spatial memory and anxiety-like behavior in rats

Neural consequences of chronic sleep disruption

“…Adult rats exposed to 3 weeks of chronic sleep restriction using a platform technique (18 h/day) develop spatial memory impairments that persist at least 3 weeks after sleep restriction [46]. Consistent with behavioral impairments, apical and basal dendritic arborization of CA1 hippocampal neurons was significantly reduced and remained reduced across the 3 weeks of recovery sleep [46]. In this study, corticosterone levels were unchanged across sleep disruption, supporting the notion that minimal stress was experienced across the exposure.…”

“…Several studies have explored longer time frames for recovery of hippocampal neurons and memory function to more fully address the question of lasting injury and/or dysfunction. Adult rats exposed to 3 weeks of chronic sleep restriction using a platform technique (18 h/day) develop spatial memory impairments that persist at least 3 weeks after sleep restriction [46]. Consistent with behavioral impairments, apical and basal dendritic arborization of CA1 hippocampal neurons was significantly reduced and remained reduced across the 3 weeks of recovery sleep [46].…”

“…The morphological changes were observed in parallel with reduced basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates in hippocampal, but not cortical, mitochondria after REM sleep deprivation, supporting regional or neuronal differential susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction in response to chronic sleep disruption. In support of mitochondrial dysfunction, a number of groups have shown increased oxidative stress (reduced glutathione, increased oxidized: reduced glutathione, increase malondialdehyde) in hippocampal tissue of rats and mice exposed to total sleep deprivation, REM sleep deprivation, and sleep fragmentation [21,46,[55][56][57][58]. Whole brain also shows similar measures of oxidative stress in response to chronic sleep loss [59].…”

Acute sleep deprivation induces synaptic remodeling at the soleus muscle neuromuscular junction in rats

“…Where we did not get any significance, we re-evaluated taking two independent groups individually, and have applied the Mann-Whitney U test. The statistical model used in the present study is following previous literature 31, 32 . The intact and altered pre-synaptic mitochondrial status in the three groups of rats was analyzed using 2-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests.…”

Sleep and memory: The impact of sleep deprivation on transcription, translational control, and protein synthesis in the brain

“…In mice, changes in neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus have been observed 3 weeks after 7 days of REM sleep deprivation (Yin et al, 2017). In rats, 3 weeks of recovery sleep is insufficient to completely restore changes in the dendritic arborization of hippocampal CA3 that occur with 3 weeks of chronic sleep deprivation (Konakanchi et al, 2022). Thus, recovery from either acute sleep deprivation or chronic sleep restriction appears to be a lengthier process than previously envisioned.…”