Effect of chronic nicotine consumption on motor cortical excitability: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Khedr, Eman M.; Tony, Abeer A; Abdel-Warith, Abdel-Wahab A.; Safwat, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2019.11.003

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Cortical reactivity has been previously related to factors such as alcohol or medication intake (Kähkönen et al, 2003 ; Khedr et al, 2020 ) and various TMS parameters (Casula et al, 2018 ). A rich literature has demonstrated that activity and connectivity between PFC and IPL are associated with cognition (Lückmann et al, 2014 ; Friedman and Robbins, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Prefrontal Cortex TMS-Induced Reactivity Is Related to Working Memory and Reasoning in Middle-Aged Adults

et al. 2022

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IntroductionThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a crucial role in cognition, particularly in executive functions. Cortical reactivity measured with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation combined with Electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is altered in pathological conditions, and it may also be a marker of cognitive status in middle-aged adults. In this study, we investigated the associations between cognitive measures and TMS evoked EEG reactivity and explored whether the effects of this relationship were related to neurofilament light chain levels (NfL), a marker of neuroaxonal damage.MethodsFifty two healthy middle-aged adults (41–65 years) from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative cohort underwent TMS-EEG, a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, and a blood test for NfL levels. Global and Local Mean-Field Power (GMFP/LMFP), two measures of cortical reactivity, were quantified after left prefrontal cortex (L-PFC) stimulation, and cognition was set as the outcome of the regression analysis. The left inferior parietal lobe (L-IPL) was used as a control stimulation condition.ResultsLocal reactivity was significantly associated with working memory and reasoning only after L-PFC stimulation. No associations were found between NfL and cognition. These specific associations were independent of the status of neuroaxonal damage indexed by the NfL biomarker and remained after adjusting for age, biological sex, and education.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that TMS evoked EEG reactivity at the L-PFC, but not the L-IPL, is related to the cognitive status of middle-aged individuals and independent of NfL levels, and may become a valuable biomarker of frontal lobe-associated cognitive function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Prefrontal Cortex TMS-Induced Reactivity Is Related to Working Memory and Reasoning in Middle-Aged Adults

et al. 2022

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“…Relative to non-smokers, smokers exhibited no difference in thresholds [ 129 , 136 , 137 ], iSP [ 137 ], SICF [ 129 ], SICI [ 129 , 136 ], LAI or LICI [ 136 ], but did show increased SAI [ 129 ] and reduced ICF [ 129 , 136 ]. Studies have reported that MEPs in smokers are either elevated [ 129 , 137 ], reduced [ 136 ], or not different to controls [ 136 , 140 ]. Lavendar et al [ 140 ] likely did not see an effect of chronic nicotine exposure on MEPs as they only tested the %MSO required to evoke a 1 mV MEP while Grundey et al [ 129 ] showed that, across a range of stimulation intensities, smokers only exhibit elevated MEPs at high intensities of 150% RMT only.…”

Section: Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Lang et al [ 136 ] showed that resting MEPs obtained at 110%, 120% or 140% RMT were not different between groups, while only MEPs obtained during active contraction were reduced in smokers compared to non-smokers. Additionally, CSP is either increased [ 136 ] or not different from non-smokers [ 137 , 140 ]. Discrepancies across studies may be a result of the different contraction levels maintained during CSP acquisition, which varied from 30–50% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) [ 136 ], 50% MVC [ 137 ] or 10% maximum voluntary force (MVF) [ 140 ].…”

Section: Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Recreational Substance Use in TMS Research

2020

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(1) Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) approaches are widely used to study cortical and corticospinal function. However, responses to TMS are subject to significant intra-and inter-individual variability. Acute and chronic exposure to recreational substances alters the excitability of the sensorimotor system and may contribute to the variability in TMS outcome measures. The increasing prevalence of recreational substance use poses a significant challenge for executing TMS studies, but there is a lack of clarity regarding the influence of these substances on sensorimotor function. (2) Methods: The literature investigating the influence of alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and cannabis on TMS outcome measures of corticospinal, intracortical and interhemispheric excitability was reviewed. (3) Results: Both acute and chronic use of recreational substances modulates TMS measures of excitability. Despite the abundance of research in this field, we identify knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future studies to better understand the influence of these substances on TMS outcomes. (4) Conclusions: This review highlights the need for TMS studies to take into consideration the history of participant substance use and to control for acute substance use prior to testing.

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“…For example, a previous study demonstrated that when repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), another non-invasive technique, was given over the right motor cortex (1 session), increased corticospinal excitability was seen during observation of happy and fearful emotional faces, compared to neutral ones [ 24 ]. The involvement of the motor cortex is especially interesting, seeing as emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of the motor circuitry in chronic nicotine use [ 25 ], specifically that chronic nicotine use is characterized by hyper-excitability of corticospinal output (a white matter tract that extends into the motor cortex). This increased excitability is speculated to be a secondary adaption to long-term nicotine use [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The involvement of the motor cortex is especially interesting, seeing as emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of the motor circuitry in chronic nicotine use [ 25 ], specifically that chronic nicotine use is characterized by hyper-excitability of corticospinal output (a white matter tract that extends into the motor cortex). This increased excitability is speculated to be a secondary adaption to long-term nicotine use [ 25 ]. Additionally, previous literature has shown that tongue muscle motor-evoked potential (MEP) are sensitive to the neural processes that are activated during nicotine craving, suggesting a possible link between the corticobulbar pathway and reward pathways in smokers [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active versus sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an adjunct to varenicline treatment for smoking cessation: Study protocol for a double-blind single dummy randomized controlled trial

et al. 2022

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Background Smoking is a chronic and relapsing disease, with up to 60% of quitters relapsing within the first year. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), targets cortical circuits and acutely reduces craving and withdrawal symptoms among cigarette smokers. However, the efficacy of tDCS as an adjunct to standard smoking cessation treatments has not been studied. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of tDCS in combination with varenicline for smoking cessation. We hypothesize that active tDCS combined with varenicline will improve cessation outcomes compared to sham tDCS combined with varenicline. Methods This is a double-blind, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial where fifty healthy smokers will be recruited in Toronto, Canada. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to either active tDCS (20 minutes at 2 mA) or sham tDCS (30 seconds at 2 mA, 19 minutes at 0 mA) for 10 daily sessions (2 weeks) plus 5 follow up sessions, occurring every two weeks for 10 weeks. All participants will be given standard varenicline treatment concurrently for the 12-week treatment period. The primary outcome is 30 day continuous abstinence at end of treatment, confirmed with urinary cotinine. Measurements made at each study visit include expired carbon monoxide, self-reported craving and withdrawal. Three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans will be conducted: two at baseline and one at end of treatment, to assess any functional or structural changes following treatment. Discussion For every two smokers who quit, one life is saved from a tobacco-related mortality. Therefore, it is important to develop new and more effective treatment approaches that can improve and maintain long-term abstinence, in order to decrease the prevalence of tobacco-related deaths and disease. Furthermore, the addition of longitudinal neuroimaging can shed light on neural circuitry changes that might occur as a result of brain stimulation, furthering our understanding of tDCS in addiction treatment. Trial registration This trial has been registered with Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03841292 since February 15th 2019 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03841292)–retrospectively registered.

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Effect of chronic nicotine consumption on motor cortical excitability: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Local Prefrontal Cortex TMS-Induced Reactivity Is Related to Working Memory and Reasoning in Middle-Aged Adults

Local Prefrontal Cortex TMS-Induced Reactivity Is Related to Working Memory and Reasoning in Middle-Aged Adults

The Influence of Recreational Substance Use in TMS Research

Active versus sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an adjunct to varenicline treatment for smoking cessation: Study protocol for a double-blind single dummy randomized controlled trial

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