The Influence of Recreational Substance Use in TMS Research

Turco, Claudia V.; Arsalan, Sarah O; Nelson, Aimee J.

doi:10.3390/brainsci10100751

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(281 reference statements)

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“…The study was approved by the ethics board of the university and the study was performed in conformity with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were asked not to train 12 h before measurements and not have any caffeine on the measurement day to avoid interference with the TMS protocol (Turco et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulations of corticospinal excitability following rapid ankle dorsiflexion in skill- and endurance-trained athletes

Avela

Kidgell

et al. 2022

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Purpose Long-term sports training, such as skill and endurance training, leads to specific neuroplasticity. However, it remains unclear if muscle stretch-induced proprioceptive feedback influences corticospinal facilitation/inhibition differently between skill- and endurance-trained athletes. This study investigated modulation of corticospinal excitability following rapid ankle dorsiflexion between well-trained skill and endurance athletes. Methods Ten skill- and ten endurance-trained athletes participated in the study. Corticospinal excitability was tested by single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMS) at three different latencies following passive rapid ankle dorsiflexion. Motor evoked potential (MEP), short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and long-latency intracortical inhibition (LICI) were recorded by surface electromyography from the soleus muscle. Results Compared to immediately before ankle dorsiflexion (Onset), TMS induced significantly greater MEPs during the supraspinal reaction period (~ 120 ms after short-latency reflex, SLR) in the skill group only (from 1.7 ± 1.0 to 2.7 ± 1.8%M-max, P = 0.005) despite both conditions being passive. ICF was significantly greater over all latencies in skill than endurance athletes (F(3, 45) = 4.64, P = 0.007), although no between-group differences for stimulations at specific latencies (e.g., at SLR) were observed. Conclusion The skill group showed higher corticospinal excitability during the supraspinal reaction phase, which may indicate a “priming” of corticospinal excitability following rapid ankle dorsiflexion for a supraspinal reaction post-stretch, which appears absent in endurance-trained athletes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulations of corticospinal excitability following rapid ankle dorsiflexion in skill- and endurance-trained athletes

Avela

Kidgell

et al. 2022

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…These results suggest that LICI did not change in response to the high-flavanol beverage and that this difference was driven by a decrease in GABA B -mediated inhibition in the low-flavanol control condition. Although the exact causes driving this decrease in LICI remain unclear, the high-and low-flavanol beverages were matched for their caffeine and theobromine content (Table 1), suggesting that differences in methylxanthine content cannot account for this result (see [91] for support). On the other hand, neither of the beverages altered LICI compared to the pre-intervention baseline values, which suggests that the acute consumption of high (or low) levels of cocoa flavanols does not robustly alter GABA B -mediated inhibition.…”

Section: Acute Intervention: No Robust Effect Of Cocoa Flavanols On B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Cocoa Flavanols Do Not Alter Brain Excitability in Young Healthy Adults

Hamel,

Oyler,

Harms

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The ingestion of dietary cocoa flavanols acutely alters functions of the cerebral endothelium, but whether the effects of flavanols permeate beyond this to alter other brain functions remains unclear. Based on converging evidence, this work tested the hypothesis that cocoa flavanols would alter brain excitability in young healthy adults. In a randomised, cross-over, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design, transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess corticospinal and intracortical excitability before as well as 1 and 2 h post-ingestion of a beverage containing either high (695 mg flavanols, 150 mg (−)-epicatechin) or low levels (5 mg flavanols, 0 mg (−)-epicatechin) of cocoa flavanols. In addition to this acute intervention, the effects of a short-term chronic intervention where the same cocoa flavanol doses were ingested once a day for 5 consecutive days were also investigated. For both the acute and chronic interventions, the results revealed no robust alteration in corticospinal or intracortical excitability. One possibility is that cocoa flavanols yield no net effect on brain excitability, but predominantly alter functions of the cerebral endothelium in young healthy adults. Future studies should increase intervention durations to maximize the acute and chronic accumulation of flavanols in the brain, and further investigate if cocoa flavanols would be more effective at altering brain excitability in older adults and clinical populations than in younger adults.

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“…However, translating knowledge into evidence-based clinical practice is urgently needed (Ekhtiari and Paulus, 2016). In recent reviews, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been considered a promising treatment strategy for AUDs (Ekhtiari et al, 2019;Philip et al, 2020;Turco et al, 2020;Antonelli et al, 2021). However, a consensus has not been formulated because of methodological differences among the studies (Costardi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker for Monitoring the Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Alcohol Use Disorder

Zhang

Song

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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ObjectiveThis study assessed the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels, alcohol consumption, craving, and psychological impairment in participants with alcohol use disorder (AUD).MethodsParticipants with AUD were randomly assigned to receive one of two treatments (active or sham rTMS). All participants received 10 daily active or sham rTMS sessions over the left DLPFC for 2 weeks, with follow-up visits at baseline and immediately after the completion of the treatments. Serum samples were obtained before and after the intervention. Days of heavy drinking, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and mental health component scores (MCSs) of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were used to assess the effects of rTMS.ResultsActive rTMS had a significant effect on reducing days of heavy drinking, alcohol craving, and serum NfL levels, and improved social functioning and mental health. The improvement with active rTMS was significantly greater than that with sham rTMS. Correlation analysis revealed that the reduction in the baseline drinking level was positively correlated with declines in the VAS and NfL levels but not with psychological scores.ConclusionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left DLPFC was associated with reducing alcohol consumption and craving in patients with AUD and positively impacted neuropsychological and social function. Serum NfL levels may be useful as an early serological indicator of alcohol-induced brain injury.

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The Influence of Recreational Substance Use in TMS Research

Cited by 10 publications

References 180 publications

Modulations of corticospinal excitability following rapid ankle dorsiflexion in skill- and endurance-trained athletes

Modulations of corticospinal excitability following rapid ankle dorsiflexion in skill- and endurance-trained athletes

Dietary Cocoa Flavanols Do Not Alter Brain Excitability in Young Healthy Adults

Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker for Monitoring the Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Alcohol Use Disorder

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