Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on rat brain microsome lipid composition, membrane fluidity and Na+K+-ATPase activity

Polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency reverses effects of alcohol on mitochondrial energy metabolism

“…Data concerning these changes are very heterogeneous, depending on the model of ethanol intoxication and on the organ studied. In brain, unsaturation index was found decreased [46][47][48] or increased [49]. In the liver, data were also conflicting [10,50,51].…”

Altered Pattern of Na,K-ATPase Activity and mRNA During Chronic Alcohol Consumption by Juvenile and Adolescent Rats

“…In what amounts to a long history of studying the effects of chronic ethanol exposure on Na,K-ATPase activity in adult animals, increases have been reported in some studies (Beauge et al 1983;Chen et al 1997;Guerri and Grisolia 1983;Israel et al 1970;Rabin and Acara 1993;Rao et al 1985;Sun and Samorajski 1970), while others indicated no change or even reduction in Na,K-ATPase basal activity (Akera et al 1973;Aloia et al 1985;Bertoni and Sprenkle 1994;Foster et al 1989;Goldstein and Israel 1972;Leventhal and Tabakoff 1980;Nhamburo et al 1987;Rangaraj and Kalant 1984). Methodological differences are abundant in these studies and have generally been thought to account for the different results (discussed in Chen et al 1997;Rabin and Acara 1993).…”

“…Ethanol has been shown to inhibit adult rodent brain Na,K-ATPase activity, while chronic administration resulted in an increase in the basal activity of the enzyme (Beauge et al 1983;Chen et al 1997;Guerri and Grisolia 1983;Israel et al 1970;Rao et al 1985;Sun and Samorajski 1970). This pattern of acute inhibition of the enzyme with an apparently compensatory increase in activity during chronic alcohol exposure can be modeled in cultured cells (Rabin 1988; Rabin and Acara 1993) but was not observed in all animal models studied (Goldstein and Israel 1972;Akera et al 1973;Rangaraj and Kalant 1984;Leventhal and Tabakoff 1980;Aloia et al 1985;Nhamburo et al 1987;Foster et al 1989;Bertoni and Sprenkle 1994). Results appear to be sensitive to animal strain and route and duration of alcohol exposure (discussed in Rabin 1988;Chen et al 1997), but also to the in vitro conditions used in preparing the membranes (Swann 1990;Foley and Rhoads 1994) and assaying Na,KATPase activity (Israel et al 1970;Foster et al 1989).…”

Lipid composition and fluidity of the human immunodeficiency virus.

“…Consequently, the carboxyl group of the fatty-acid spin probe is relatively anchored to the polar surface, whereas the more mobile methyl terminus lies inside the membrane interior. Because the respective aN' values for 5-, 12-, and 16-NS-labeled HIV are 15.58, 14.80, and 13.60 G, the polarity of the environment of the oxazolidine ring decreases as it approaches the envelope interior. This vertical flexibility and polarity gradient, with the interior more fluid and less polar than the surface, is a ubiquitous feature of other enveloped viruses (25) and biomembranes (26).…”

“…Spin probes were purchased from Aldrich and checked for purity with two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (6 (10)(11)(12)(13). The lipid extract was concentrated by low-temperature, low-pressure rotary evaporation, passed through a Sephadex G-25 column, and the eluent, free of nonlipid contaminants, was collected.…”