Effect of Chloromycetin and Streptomycin on Embryonic Tissue Growth in In vitro Tissue Culture

Abstract

376 CHLOROMYCETIN, STREPTOMYCIN, IN TISSUE CULTUREanalysis of the feces revealed no dye. This is not surprising since its presence in the stool requires a patent biliary system. I n regard to renal excretion, Table I1 shows that in both species studied, less than 55% of the administered dye appeared in the urine.Discussion. I t is apparent that the results obtained in dogs and rats with regurgitation jaundice differ significantly from similar observations in human subjects( 1 ) . The rapidity with which RSP disappears from the serum of these animals suggests that other mechanisms are present for removal of dye in the absence \of hepatic escretory function.Cohn. Levine and Streicher showed that BSP is removed from the serum of the hepatectoniized dog( 7 ) . Our data indicate that the dye is similarly removed when normal hepatic pathways are blocked. These data, however. are not applicable to BSP removal in man ( 1 .S ) . I t has been stated that the kidney is able to excrete significant amounts of BSP when the serum concentration remains elevated for prolonged periods( 9). In our experiments, 30-50% of the amount of dye given was recovered in the urine. Mechanisms of removal or destruction other than renal, therefore, probably play a role when the dye is not completely excreted through normal channels. In this connection, Brauer and coworkers have demonstrated that BSP may be chemically altered by the liver (10,ll).Summary. I n dogs and rats with complete biliary obstruction, the retention of BSP in the serum was of much shorter duration than that previously observed in man. Conclusions concerning mechanisms of BSP removal in man based on observations made in the d,og must be questioned in the light of these data.

Chloramphenicol

“…Green algae were resistant, whereas certain blue-green algae were inhibited (41). A number of primary explants of animal cells have also been found to be very resistant (43,80), although it has recently been reported that an established human cell line is completely inhibited by 20 lug per ml (32). No reports have been found on the inhibition of growth of whole animals by chloramphenicol, although the results of observations of blood dyserasias in humans (89) might be an indication of inhibition of growth of the hematopoietic cells.…”

Antibiotics

“…A few exceptions to these generalizations are 1. a "curative" effect of chloramphenicol in bacteriophage-infected Salmonella typhimurium (TING, 1960), 2. an inhibition of the growth of the fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis by the antibiotic (BROAD-BENT and TERRY, 1958), and 3. a strong effect on the growth of Candida albicans by a close chemical relative of chloramphenicol (LoNG and TROUTMAN, 1951). Mammalian cells in culture are usually resistant to chloramphenicol (LEPINE et al, 1950;FusiLLO et al, 1952) but a few instances have been reported (DJORD-JEVIC and SZ¥BALSKI, 1960;EAGLE and FOLEY, 1958;SMITH et al, 1959) in which growth of certain human cells in culture was inhibited by the antibiotic at concentrations of the order of 10-4 M. The synthesis of antibody in cell cultures was also inhibited by chloramphenicol (AMBROSE and CooNs, 1963).…”

Chloramphenicol and Erythropoiesis

“…Discussion Not many reports have been published on the action of chlor amphenicol on human and animal cells. F u sil l o et al (9) and P o m e r a t a n d L e a k e (13) reported that tissue cultures are resistant to even high concentrations of chloramphenicol. Inhibition of respiration of leukocytes in vitro (8), inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis in isolated thymic nuclei (5) and in bone-marrow cells in vitro (16), and suppression of iron uptake and utilization in bone-marrow-cells in vitro (7) have been reported for drug levels which however are far above the usual therapeutic range (not exceeding 40y /ml).…”