Effect of Chlorogenic Acid on Melanogenesis of B16 Melanoma Cells

Abstract

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), the ester formed between caffeic acid and L-quinic acid, is a widespread phenolic compound. It is part of the human diet, found in foods such as coffee, apples, pears, etc. CGA is also was widely used in cosmetics, but the effects of CGA on melanogenesis are unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effects of CGA on cell proliferation, melanin content and tyrosinase of B16 murine melanoma cells. Additionally, the enzymatic reactions of CGA in B16 melanoma cells lytic solution were detected by UV spectrophotometry. Results showed CGA at 30 and 60 μM significantly suppresses cell proliferation. 8-MOP at 100 μM significantly promotes cell proliferation, but CGA can counter this. Incubated for 24 h, CGA (500 μM) improves melanogenesis while suppressing tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells or 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) co-incubated B16 melanoma cells. After 12 h, B16 melanoma cell treatment with CGA leads to an increase in melanin accumulation, however, after 48 h there is a decrease in melanin production which correlates broadly with a decrease in tyrosinase activity. CGA incubated with lytic solution 24 h turned brown at 37 °C. The formation of new products (with a maximum absorption at 295 nm) is associated with reduction of CGA (maximum absorption at 326 nm). Therefore, CGA has its two sidesroles in melanogenesis of B16

A new source for developing multi‐functional products: biological and chemical perspectives on subcritical water extracts of Sambucus ebulus L.

“…Also, the extract contained higher concentrations of chlorogenic and caffeic acids, identified as anti-tyrosinase wileyonlinelibrary.com/jctb agents in several studies. 61,[64][65][66] To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first study on enzyme inhibitory properties of Sambucus ebulus, which could be considered a valuable source (naturally-occurring enzyme inhibitory agents) for developing new phyto-pharmaceuticals and food supplements.…”

Investigation of the profile of phenolic compounds in the leaves and stems of Pandiaka heudelotii using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector

“…Chlorogenic acid reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, and exhibits many biological properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunostimulatory, hypoglycemic, and antihypertensive activities (Cho et al, 2010;Farah, 2012;Lafay, Morand, Manach, Besson, & Scalbert, 2006;Li, Habasi, Xie, & Aisa, 2014;Meng, Cao, Feng, Peng, & Hu, 2013;Zhao, Wang, Ballevre, Luo, & Zhang, 2011). Caffeic acid increases collagen production, in addition to having antiaging, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and photo-protective properties (Dhingra & Chhillar, 2012;Gugliucci, Bastos, Schulze, & Souza, 2009;Magnani, Isaac, Correa, & Salgado, 2014;Oksana et al, 2012).…”

Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa) and Their Products as a Possible Means for the Prevention and Treatment of Noncommunicable Diseases and Unfavorable Health Effects Due to Exposure to Xenobiotics

“…Studies with animal models and in vitro models show that chokeberry extracts and other products made from aronia fruit are effective in the prevention of carcinogenic occurrences due to their strong antioxidative action (Gąsiorowski and others ; Malik and others ; Zhao and others ; Lala and others ; Bermúdez‐Soto and others ,b; Shih and others ; Olas and others ; Balansky and others ; Kędzierska and others , ,b; Rugină and others ; Sharif and others ; Li and others ; Pratheeshkumar and others ; Thani and others ). The anticarcinogenic effect of aronia berry products is related to the antioxidative properties of polyphenolic compounds which protect healthy cells from oxidative damage induced by free radicals (Shih and others ), pro‐apoptotic action which enables the death of cells with carcinogenic changes (Rugină and others ; Sharif and others ), and the ability to arrest the cell cycle of tumor cells (Malik and others ; Zhao and others ; Bermúdez‐Soto and others ,b; Sharif and others ).…”

“…The available results of experimental studies suggest that polyphenolic compounds from chokeberries may prevent the development of skin cancers (Li and others ; Pratheeshkumar and others ). Li and others () have revealed in vitro that chlorogenic acid suppresses melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells.…”