Investigation of the profile of phenolic compounds in the leaves and stems of Pandiaka heudelotii using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector

Abstract

The profile of phenolic compounds in the leaves and stems of Pandiaka heudelotii was investigated using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector. The leaves and stems had high flavonoids and benzoic acid derivatives content, and moderate levels of lignans and hydroxycinnamates. Twenty-eight known flavonoids were detected, which consisted mainly of kaempferol (41.93% in leaves and 47.97% in stems), (+)-catechin (17.12% in leaves and 16.11% in stems), quercetin (13.83% in leaves and 9.39% in stems), luteolin (7.34% in leaves and 7.71% in stems), and artemetin (6.53% in leaves and 4.83% in stems). Of the six known hydroxycinnamates detected, chlorogenic acid (80.79% in leaves and 87.56% in stems) and caffeic acid (18.98% in leaves and 12.30% in stems) were the most abundant, while arctigenin (77.81% in leaves and 83.40% in stems) and retusin (13.82% in leaves and 10.59% in stems) were the most abundant of the nine known lignans detected. Twelve known benzoic acid derivatives were detected, consisting mainly of ellagic acid (65.44% in leaves and 72.89% in stems), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (25.10% in leaves and 18.95% in stems), and vanillic acid (8.80% in leaves and 7.30% in stems). The rich phytochemical profile of the leaves and stems is an indication of their ability to serve as sources of nutraceuticals. K E Y W O R D Sflavonoids, hydroxycinnamates, lignans, Pandiaka heudelotii, phenolic acids

Analytical Methods for Exploring Nutraceuticals Based on Phenolic Acids and Polyphenols

“…Hence, GC methods for the determination of polyphenols rely on derivatization procedures to reduce the polarity of analytes. In this regard, silylation has been successfully applied to the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in plant and fruit extracts [66][67][68][69].…”

Nutrient and bioactive compounds composition of the leaves and stems of Pandiaka heudelotii: A wild vegetable

“…Fresh samples of Pandiaka heudelotii were collected from within the Abuja Campus of University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. They were identified and prepared as earlier reported by Ifeanacho et al. (2017).…”

“…One of such vegetables that can be used as a source of nutrient and nutraceuticals is Pandiaka heudelotii . Pandiaka heudelotii is a wild vegetable, which belongs to the Amaranthaceae family (Ifeanacho et al., 2017). In southern Nigeria, the leaves of this plant are used as vegetables and boiled for tea (Ifeanacho et al., 2017).…”

“…Pandiaka heudelotii is a wild vegetable, which belongs to the Amaranthaceae family (Ifeanacho et al., 2017). In southern Nigeria, the leaves of this plant are used as vegetables and boiled for tea (Ifeanacho et al., 2017). They are also used for the treatment of malaria.…”

“…Earlier, Ifeanacho et al. (2017) reported the profile of phenolic compounds in the leaves and stems of Pandiaka heudelotii .…”