Effect of chiral enhancers on the permeability of optically active and racemic metoprolol across hairless mouse skin

Kommuru, Thirumala R.; Khan, Mansoor A.; Reddy, Indra K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-636x(1999)11:7<536::aid-chir4>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Miyazaki described different permeation rates of propranolol enantiomers through rat skin, indicating a stereoselective interaction with stratum corneum [174]. However, further studies showed no enantiomeric difference in the permeation of propranolol [175,176], ketorolac [177], ephedrin [171], metoprolol [178], ketoprofen [179] and oxybutynin [180]. Dimethylamino acid esters, DDAA [134] and DDAIP [138] showed a higher permeation-enhancing activity than Azone for indomethacin, clonidine and hydrocortisone (Tables 8 and 9).…”

Section: Chiral Enhancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Amphiphilic Transdermal Permeation Enhancers: Structure-Activity Relationships

Vávrová

Zbytovská²,

Hrabálek³

2005

CMC

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transdermal drug delivery offers numerous advantages over conventional routes of administration; however, poor permeation of most drugs across the skin barrier constitutes a serious limitation of this methodology. One of the approaches used to enlarge the number of transdermally-applicable drugs uses permeation enhancers. These compounds promote drug permeation through the skin by a reversible decrease of the barrier resistance. Enhancers can act on the stratum corneum intracellular keratin, influence desmosomes, modify the intercellular lipid domains or alter the solvent nature of the stratum corneum. Even though, hundreds of substances have been identified as permeation enhancers to date, yet our understanding of the structure-activity relationships is limited. In general, enhancers can be divided into two large groups: small polar solvents, e.g. ethanol, propylene glycol, dimethylsulfoxide and amphiphilic compounds containing a polar head and a hydrophobic chain, e.g. fatty acids and alcohols, 1-dodecylazepan-2-one (Azone), 2-nonyl-1,3-dioxolane (SEPA 009), and dodecyl-2-dimethylaminopropanoate (DDAIP). In this review we have focused on structure-activity relationships of amphiphilic permeation enhancers, including the properties of the hydrophobic chains, e.g. length, unsaturation, and branching, as well as the polar heads characteristics, e.g. hydrogen bonding ability, lipophilicity, and size. We present over 180 examples of enhancers with different polar head to illustrate the structural requirements and the possible role of the polar head. We have given an overview of the methods used for investigation of the mechanisms of permeation enhancement, namely differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and future perspectives in this field. Furthermore, biodegradability and chirality of the enhancers are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Chiral Enhancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of Lmenthol as a chiral enhancer were described in metoprolol permeation enhancement [178], but the study was a comparison of the influence of one enhancer enantiomer on the permeation of separate enantiomers and the racemate of the drug. …”

Section: Pgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphiphilic Transdermal Permeation Enhancers: Structure-Activity Relationships

Vávrová

Zbytovská²,

Hrabálek³

2005

CMC

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The hairless and albino background characteristics of the SKH-1 mouse make it useful for a number of tests. It is used, for example in a skin perAn immunohistochemical study of pancreatic endocrine cells in SKH-1 hairless mice meability test (Kommuru et al, 1999), as a skin carcinogenesis animal model (Glaso and Wetteland, 1990;Cadi et al, 1991) and in a cutaneous microbiological test including experimental leprosy (Packchaian et al, 1982;Harnby et al, 1990). The appearance, regional distribution and frequency of cells secreting the regulatory hormones, namely insulin and glucagon, in the endocrine pancreas were well recognized by histochemistry (Kobayashi and Alli, 1981), immunofluorescence (Orci, 1982) and immunohistochemistry (Sternberger et al, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An immunohistochemical study of pancreatic endocrine cells in SKH-1 hairless mice

Hs²,

Jh³

2010

Eur J Histochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe regional distribution and frequency of the pancreatic endocrine cells in the SKH-1 hairless mouse were studied by an immunohistochemical (peroxidase anti-peroxidase; PAP) method using four types of specific antisera against insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The pancreas of mice were divided into three portions; pancreatic islets, exocrine and pancreatic ducts. The pancreatic islets were further subdivided into three regions (central, mantle and peripheral region) according to their located types of immunoreactive cells. In the pancreatic islet portions, insulin-immunoreactive cells were located in the central and mantle regions with 84.60 ± 7.65 and 33.00 ± 12.45/100 cells frequencies, respectively, but most of somatostatin-, glucagon-and PPimmunoreactive cells were detected in the mantle and peripheral regions. In the mantle region, somatostatin-, glucagon-and PP-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated with 28.70 ± 9.91, 52.00 ± 14.05 and 2.60 ± 1.51/100 cells frequencies, respectively, and showed 6.20 ± 2.86, 15.30 ± 5.31 and 21.50 ± 10.28/100 cells frequencies, respectively in peripheral regions. However, glucagon-immunoreactive 229 cells were also demonstrated in the central regions with 4.00 ± 2.83/100 cells frequency. In the exocrine portions, insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatin-and PPimmunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the SKH-1 mouse with 0.90 ± 0.74, 0.80 ± 0.79, 4.90 ± 3.54 and 2.70 ± 1.34/100 cells frequencies, respectively. In the pancreatic duct portions, insulin-, glucagon-and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the subepithelial connective tissues and showed islet-like appearances with 30.30 ± 14.67, 2.70 ± 3.13 and 5.90 ± 4.23/100 cells frequencies, respectively. However, no PP-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in these regions. In conclusion, some peculiar distributional patterns of pancreatic endocrine cells were found in the SKH-1 hairless mouse.

show abstract

“…They were acquired by Temple University (New York, USA) from a small commercial supplier and transferred to the Charles River Laboratories in 1986. The SKH‐1 hairless mouse is characterized by its hairless, albino background skin, and so has been used in many research fields such as skin permeability testing ( Kommuru et al., 1999), skin carcinogenesis animal models ( Glaso and Wetteland, 1990; Cadi et al., 1991) and cutaneous microbiological testing, including experimental leprosy ( Packchanian et al., 1982; Harnby et al., 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regional Distribution and Relative Frequency of Gastrointestinal Endocrine Cells in SHK‐1 Hairless Mice: An Immunohistochemical Study

Lee

et al. 2002

Anat Histol Embryol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The regional distributions and relative frequencies of some gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the eight portions (fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum) of the gastrointestinal tract of SKH-1 hairless mice were investigated using immunohistochemical methods and seven types of specific antisera against somatostatin, serotonin, glucagon, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and gastrin. In this study, somatostatin-, serotonin-, glucagon-, CCK-8-, secretin- and gastrin-immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified. Most of these IR cells in the intestinal portion were generally spherical or spindle-shaped (open-type cell) while cells that were round in shape (close-type cell) were occasionally found in the stomach regions. Their relative frequencies were varied according to each portion of gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin-IR cells were found throughout the gastrointestinal tract except for the large intestine. Serotonin-IR cells were detected throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract and were the most predominant endocrine cell types in this species of mouse. Glucagon-IR cells were restricted to the fundus, occurring rarely. CCK-8-IR cells were observed in the pylorus, duodenum and jejunum with frequencies that were numerous, moderate and few, respectively. Peculiarly, secretin-IR cells were demonstrated in the whole intestinal tract with either few or rare frequencies. Gastrin-IR cells were restricted to the pylorus and were numerous. However, no PP-IR cells were found in this study. In conclusion, some peculiar distributional patterns of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were found in SKH-1 hairless mouse.

show abstract

Effect of chiral enhancers on the permeability of optically active and racemic metoprolol across hairless mouse skin

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Amphiphilic Transdermal Permeation Enhancers: Structure-Activity Relationships

Amphiphilic Transdermal Permeation Enhancers: Structure-Activity Relationships

An immunohistochemical study of pancreatic endocrine cells in SKH-1 hairless mice

The Regional Distribution and Relative Frequency of Gastrointestinal Endocrine Cells in SHK‐1 Hairless Mice: An Immunohistochemical Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About