Effect of chain transfer agents on the kinetics and mechanism of particle nucleation in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl pivalate

Role of electrolytes in the preparation of nanoparticles via the emulsion polymerization of vinyl pivalate

“…In emulsion polymerization, the overall radical balance is determined by the escape of chain-transferred monomer radicals from the polymer particles and the entry of radicals into a polymer particle [29][30][31]. We reported that the value of n decreased from 0.5 with a decrease in the diameter of the polymer particle [23]. Since the rate of entry of radical per unit surface area is almost constant, the termination rate of the polymerization reaction increases with decreasing polymer particle diameter.…”

“…We previously reported the effects of chain transfer agents on the kinetics and mechanism of particle nucleation in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl pivalate [23]. We found that sometimes small particles of PVPi of about 20 nm were obtained in addition to larger particles with the observation of images obtained by the transmission electron microscope (TEM).…”

The synthesis of translucent polymer nanolatexes via microemulsion polymerization

“…The rate of radical desorption (R des ) in a dispersed phase free-radical polymerization can be given by Eq. (1) [29],…”

The Effect of Allylic Sulfide-Mediated IrreversibleAddition-Fragment Chain Transfer on the EmulsionPolymerization Kinetics of Styrene

“…The theoretical value of the average number of radicals per particle (n theo ) can be calculated by a semi-empirical expression in zero-one emulsion polymerizations, in which termination is not rate-determining [25]. The adsorption of the chain-transferred radical from a polymer particle and the entry of a radical into a particle are considered to be balanced, and radical termination in the aqueous phase can be neglected.…”