Abstract:The effect of the irreversible addition-fragment chain transfer agent, butyl(2-phenylallyl)sulfane (BPAS), on the course of the emulsion polymerization of styrene and on the product molecular weight was investigated. The emulsion polymerizations were performed using various amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the surfactant and potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS) as the initiator. The relationships between the rates of polymerization (R p ) and the number of particles per volume (N c ) with respect to the concentrations of KPS, SDS, and BPAS were found to be R p 9 rKPSs 0.29 , N c 9 rKPSs 0.26 ,R p 9 rSDSs 0.68 , N c 9 rSDSs 0.72 , and R p 9 rBPASs´0 .73 . The obtained relationships can be attributed to the exit of the leaving group radicals on BPAS from the polymer particles. The experimental values of the average number of radicals per particle ( _ n) were strongly dependent on the BPAS concentration and were in good agreement with the theoretical values ( _ n theo ) from model calculations. The number-average molecular weight ( _ M n ) can be controlled by BPAS over nearly the entire conversion range, which is also in agreement with the mathematical model. In addition, the transfer rate coefficient (k tr ) of BPAS can be estimated as 326 L/mol/s at 70˝C. Moreover, similar good results were found for the tested redox reactions at 30˝C.
This paper was focused on the synthesis and properties of a watersoluble resin having tertiary amine oxide side substituents. First, 3-(dimethylamino)propanoic acid was synthesized through the addition reaction of dimethylamine with methyl acrylate, followed by hydrolysis of the adduct. Then, 3-(dimethylamino)propanoic acid was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to obtain 3-(dimethylamino)propanoic acid oxide. Finally, epoxy phenolic was reacted with 3-(dimethylamino)propanoic acid oxide to get the end product. Thermal behaviors and thermo-induced solubility change of the prepared resin were investigated. It was found that the tertiary amine oxide resin was still water soluble even after heating at 120°C for 1 h. However, it readily became completely water insoluble after heating at 170°C for a short period of time. Thin films were prepared with the aqueous solution of the tertiary amine oxide resin and an infrared (IR) dye with maximum absorption at 830 nm. The films could absorb 830 nm IR imaging radiation and give negative image after developing with neutral water. The water-soluble thermosensitive resin might be used in chemical-free thermal laser imaging applications.
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