Effect of carbon source on acclimatization of nitrifying bacteria to achieve high-rate partial nitrification of wastewater with high ammonium concentration

Abstract

Experiments in two laboratory-scale sequential batch reactors were carried out to investigate the effect of heterotrophic bacteria on nitrifying bacteria using external carbon sources. Partial nitrification of ammonium-rich wastewater during short-term acclimatization enriched the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in both reactors. Heterotrophic bacteria exhibited a minor effect on nitrifying bacteria, and complete removal of ammonium occurred at a rate of 41 mg L -1 h -1 in both reactors. The main strategy of this research was to carry out partial nitrification using high-activity ammonia-oxidizing bacteria with a high concentration of free ammonia (70 mg L -1 ). The NO 2 -/ (NO 3 -? NO 2 -) ratio was greater than 0.9 in both reactors most of the time.

The Operating Characteristics of Partial Nitrification by Controlling pH and Alkalinity

“…In the 49th cycle, the concentration of NaHCO 3 had increased to 300 mg/L in the influent and the pH remained unchanged. Increasing the concentration of the inorganic carbon source can make the partial nitrification activity greater and the cycle shorter [19]. However, the concentration of nitrate in the effluent exceeded the experimental expectations.…”

Removal of ammonium ions from aqueous solutions using electrodialysis

“…Depending on the output characteristics of water and the requirements to its quality, in order to remove ammonium ions from water, they use reagent [2,3], sorption [4,5], ion-exchange [6,7], and biological [8] methods. All these methods have their advantages and disadvantages.…”

“…A change in the concentration of ammonium ions(1,2,3,4) and pH(5,6,7,8) in the anolyte of a two-chamber electrolyzer (membrane MA-41) during electrolysis at a current density of 86.2 A/m 2(1,2,5,6) and 172.4 A/m 2(3,4,7,8) at starting concentrations of ammonium ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) in a solution of distilled water, mg/dm 3 : 10 (1, 5), 20(2,6), 30 (3, 7), 40 (4, 8)Fig. 2shows that the oxidation of ammonium ions proceeds quite intensely.…”

“…Dependence of the output for current(1,2,3,4) and specific electrical conductivity(5,6,7,8) at the ammonium ions oxidation in a two-chamber electrolyzer (membrane MA-41) on duration of electrolysis at a current density of 86.2 A/m 2 (1, 2, 5, 6) and 172.4 A/m 2 (3, 4, 7, 8) at the starting concentrations of ammonium ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) in a solution of distilled water, mg/dm 3 : 10 (1, 5), 20 (2, 6), 30 (3, 7), 40 (4, 8) A change in the concentration of ammonium ions (1, 2, 3, 4) and pH (5, 6, 7, 8) in the anolyte of a two-chamber electrolyzer (membrane MA-41) during electrolysis at a current density of 86.2 A/m 2 at the starting concentrations of ammonium ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) in a solution of tap water, mg/dm 3 : 10 (1, 5), 20 (2, 6), 30 (3, 7), 40 (4, 8)…”

“…Dependence of the output for current(1,2,3,4) and specific electrical conductivity(5,6,7,8) at the oxidation of ammonium ions in a two-chamber electrolyzer (membrane MA-41) on electrolysis duration at a current density of 86.2 A/m 2 at the starting concentrations of ammonium ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) in a solution of tap water, mg/dm3 : 10 (1, 5), 20 (2, 6), 30 (3, 7), 40 (4, 8) A change in the concentration of ammonium ions (1, 2, 3) and pH (4, 5, 6) in the anolyte of a two-chamber electrolyzer (membrane MA-41) during electrolysis at a current density of 172.4 A/m 2 at the starting concentrations of ammonium ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) in a solution of distilled water, mg/dm 3 : 50 (1, 4), 90 (2, 5), 120 (3, 6) Dependence of the output for current (1, 2, 3) and specific electrical conductivity (4, 5, 6) at the ammonium ions oxidation in a two-chamber electrolyzer (membrane MA-41) on electrolysis duration at a current density of 172.4 A/m 2 at the starting concentrations of ammonium ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) in a solution of distilled water, mg/dm 3 : 50 (1, 4), 90 (2, 5), 120 (3, 6) Fig. 8.…”