Effect of carbohydrate feedings on muscle glycogen utilization and exercise performance

Hargreaves, Mark; Costill, David L.; Coggan, Andrew R.; Fink, W. J.; Nishibata, Izumi

doi:10.1249/00005768-198406000-00004

Cited by 143 publications

(123 citation statements)

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“…These authors concluded that net glycogen degradation during intermittent exercise could be reduced by up to 20% with CHO ingestion. This view was also supported by later workers (Ehrenstein et al 1970;Bagby et al 1978;Coyle et al 1983) However, some scientists in the 1980's, showed that CHO ingestion during exercise had no effect on rates of muscle glycogen utilisation (Fielding et al 1985;Coyle et al 1986;Flynn et al 1987;Hargreaves & Briggs 1988;Noakes et al 1988b;Mitchell et al 1989), while others demonstrated a sparing of muscle glycogen when CHO's were ingested during exercise (Bjorkman et al 1984;Hargreaves et al 1984;Erickson et al 1987;Simard et al 1988;Brouns et al 1989). The question of whether water or CHO replacement should be emphasised during prolonged exercise received a large amount of attention in the mid to late 1980s when commercial interests sponsored this type of research.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Ingestion and Exercise Performancementioning

confidence: 78%

“…Most (Hargreaves et al, 1984;Fielding et al 1985;Coyle et al 1986;Coggan andCoyle 1987, 1989;Williams et al 1990;Wilber and Moffat, 1992), but not all (Felig et al, 1982;Sasaki et al, 1987, Noakes et al 1988b, Riley et al, 1988 studies have shown that CHO ingestion can improve exercise performance. Indeed, a recent study has shown a large 29% increase in the endurance performance of runners when ingesting CHO and exercising at speeds eliciting 80% of V0 2 max (Wilber and Moffat, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past 30 years there has been evidence both for and against muscle glycogen sparing when ingesting CHO while exercising (Ahlberg et al 1967b;Bergstrom and Hultman 1967;Hultman 1967;Ehrenstein et al 1970;Bagby et al 1978;Bjorkman et al 1984;Hargreaves et al 1984;Fielding et al 1985;Coyle et al 1986;Flynn et al 1987;Erickson et al 1987;Hargreaves & Briggs 1988;Simard et al 1988;Brouns et al 1989;Noakes et al 1988;Mitchell et al 1989). However, Coggan and Coyle (1991) concluded that CHO ingestion while cycling at moderate-intensity (70-75% of V02max) does not reduce the rate of muscle glycogen utilisation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuel kinetics during intense running and cycling when fed carbohydrate

Derman

Hawley

Noakes

et al. 1996

Europ. J. Appl. Physiol.

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Section: Carbohydrate Ingestion and Exercise Performancementioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fuel kinetics during intense running and cycling when fed carbohydrate

Derman

Hawley

Noakes

et al. 1996

Europ. J. Appl. Physiol.

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“…ome of the cornerstone experiments in endurance sport nutrition have demonstrated improved performance, whether as improved time-to-fatigue or in time trial settings, when consuming a carbohydrate and electrolyte supplement during the exercise bout (6,12,27). Recent work, however, suggests that these original nutritional guidelines may need to be adjusted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Carbohydrate and Protein Supplement on Resistance Exercise Performance, Hormonal Response, and Muscle Damage

BATY

Hwang²,

Ding³

et al. 2007

J Strength Cond Res

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Ivy. The effect of a carbohydrate and protein supplement on resistance exercise performance, hormonal response, and muscle damage. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(2): 321-329. 2007.-The purpose of this study was to determine whether resistance exercise performance and postexercise muscle damage were altered when consuming a carbohydrate and protein beverage (CHO-PRO; 6.2% and 1.5% concentrations). Thirty-four male subjects (age: 21.5 Ϯ 1.7 years; height: 177.3 Ϯ 1.1 cm; weight: 77.2 Ϯ 2.2 kg) completed 3 sets of 8 repetitions at their 8 repetition maximum to volitional fatigue. The exercise order consisted of the high pull, leg curl, standing overhead press, leg extension, lat pull-down, leg press, and bench press. In a double-blind, posttest-only control group design, subjects consumed 355 ml of either CHO-PRO or placebo (electrolyte and artificial sweetener beverage) 30 minutes prior to exercise, 177 ml immediately prior to exercise, 177 ml halfway through the exercise bout, and 355 ml immediately following the exercise bout. There were no significant differences between groups relative to exercise performance. Cortisol was significantly elevated in the placebo group compared to the CHO-PRO group at 24 hours postexercise. Insulin was significantly elevated immediately pre-exercise, after the fourth lift, immediately postexercise, 1 hour, and 6 hours postexercise in CHO-PRO compared to the placebo group. Myoglobin levels in the placebo group approached significance halfway through the exercise bout and at 1 hour postexercise (p ϭ 0.06 and 0.07, respectively) and were significantly elevated at 6 hours postexercise compared to the CHO-PRO group. Creatine kinase levels were significantly elevated in the placebo group at 24 hours postexercise compared to the CHO-PRO group. The CHO-PRO supplement did not improve performance during a resistance exercise bout, but appeared to reduce muscle damage, as evidenced by the responses of both myoglobin and creatine kinase. These results suggest the use of a CHO-PRO supplement during resistance training to reduce muscle damage and soreness.

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“…However, the gastric emptying rate was no different between for the diluted glucose and glucose polymer, while it was slightly faster for the concentrated glucose polymer than that for the concentrated glucose. Considering that the maximal SR in most of endurance athletes is 1.5 l/h-2.0 l/h 30) and also that the maximal rate of exogenous CHO oxidation exceeds far 60 g/h 50) , the delay in gastric emptying rate due to increased calorie in the solution is negligible compared with the merits of water and calorie recovery during exercise. However, severe dehydration>4% of body weight, high ambient temperature>49°C, and high intensity exercise>80% VO 2max are suggested to prolong the gastric emptying time 48) .…”

Section: Gastric Emptying and Intestinal Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Illness during Working and Preventive Considerations from Body Fluid Homeostasis

Kamijo

Nosé

2006

Ind Health

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The purposes of this review are to show pathophysiological mechanisms for heat illness during working in a hot environment and accordingly provide some preventive considerations from a viewpoint of body fluid homeostasis. The incidence of the heat illness is closely associated with body temperature regulation, which is much affected by body fluid state in humans. Heat generated by contracting muscles during working increases body temperature, which, in a feedback manner, drives heat-dissipation mechanisms of skin blood flow and sweating to prevent a rise in body temperature. However, the impairment of heat-dissipation mechanisms caused by hard work in hot, humid, and dehydrated conditions accelerates the increase in body temperature, and, if not properly treated, leads to heat illness. First, we overviewed thermoregulation during working (exercising) in a hot environment, describe the effects of dehydration on skin blood flow and sweating, and then explained how they contributes to the progression toward heat illness. Second, we described the advantageous effects of blood volume expansion after heat acclimatization on temperature regulation during exercise as well as those of restitution from dehydration by supplementation of carbohydrate-electrolyte solution. Finally, we described that the deteriorated thermoregulation in the elderly is closely associated with the impaired body fluid regulation and that blood volume expansion by exercise training with protein supplementation improves thermoregulation.

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Effect of carbohydrate feedings on muscle glycogen utilization and exercise performance

Cited by 143 publications

References 0 publications

Fuel kinetics during intense running and cycling when fed carbohydrate

Fuel kinetics during intense running and cycling when fed carbohydrate

The Effect of a Carbohydrate and Protein Supplement on Resistance Exercise Performance, Hormonal Response, and Muscle Damage

Heat Illness during Working and Preventive Considerations from Body Fluid Homeostasis

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