Effect of Calorie Restriction and Exercise on Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition, generally regarded as an irreversible, that is among the top 10 causes of death globally. The hallmark of T2D is hyperglycemia, which results from disturbances in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Several clinical and lifestyle factors are involved in the progression of T2D, such as obesity and physical inactivity. A high-calorie diet is the main contributor to the development of obesity, which results in T2D, as obesity or increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue is related to insulin resistance. Technological advances have contributed to individuals having a more sedentary lifestyle, leading to obesity and T2D. T2D can be treated with lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise. Herein, we highlight the positive impact of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and lifestyle modalities in the treatment and prevention of T2D. An inclusion of VLCD 400-800 kcal/day for 8 weeks and ≥ 150 minutes exercise 5 times a week as lifestyle interventions can decrease glucose levels to normal, reduce HbA1c and improve insulin resistance and sensitivity. Therefore, a potential mechanism in maintaining glucose homeostasis and remission of T2D by VLCD and exercise reduces body weight.

A Review on the Antidiabetic Properties of Moringa oleifera Extracts: Focusing on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Main Therapeutic Targets

“…Metformin and insulin, which are commonly used antidiabetic therapies, have certainly prolonged the lives of patients with diabetes ( Joya-Galeana et al, 2011 ; Foretz et al, 2014 ; Bailey, 2017 ). Correspondingly, other effective interventions like physical exercise and caloric striction can be used to manage diabetes ( Nyawo et al, 2021 ; Shakoor et al, 2021 ; Mthembu et al, 2022 ), however only a few individuals can constantly adhere to such strenuous interventions. Besides lowering glucose or improving insulin sensitivity, it has become imperative to uncover therapies that can target the amelioration of both oxidative stress and inflammation, as the prime dysregulations implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes ( Vikram et al, 2014 ; Mahlangu et al, 2020 ; Mokgalaboni et al, 2021b ).…”

Risk factors of major complications after flap surgery in the treatment of stage III and IV pressure injury in people with spinal cord injury/disorder: a retrospective cohort study

“…Among the 63 (29%) subjects with a measured HbA1c value, those with low HbA1c levels experienced fewer major complications than those with normal HbA1c levels. One potential explanation might be that PI lead to an increased metabolism [ 30 ] which might decrease HbA1c levels like fasting or exercising [ 31 ]. Therefore, a normally adjusted HbA1c level might be falsely low.…”

Sodium Selenite As Potential Adjuvant Therapy for COVID-19

“…Selenium occupies an important place among these nutrients, and the selenium status considerably affects the course of this virus infection [22,[49][50][51][52]. Hypothetic mechanisms were advanced to explain the regulation of the immune response by selenium and selenium compounds [22,38,44,[53][54][55]. An important role was assumed for the effect of selenium on NF-κB activity and, consequently, expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (a cytokine storm) [33,35].…”