Effect of calcium intake and physical activity level on bone mass and turnover in healthy, white, postmenopausal women

Abstract

Calcium intake and physical activity level (PAL) were assessed by questionnaire in 124 healthy women aged 52-62 y to determine the effect of calcium intake and PAL on bone mass and turnover. Four groups were identified according to their different reported calcium intakes and PALs. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine, hip, and left os calcis was measured together with total bone mineral content (TBMC) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation and resorption biochemical markers were measured in fasting samples of blood and urine. Women with the highest calcium intakes and PALs had the highest BMD at all sites compared with those with the lowest calcium intakes and PALs (P < 0.001). Calcium intake and PAL were positively correlated with BMD at all sites. Bone turnover markers did not explain the variation in bone mass between groups. In stepwise-multiple-regression analysis only calcium intake, physical activity, age, or weight remained as independent predictors of BMD and TBMC. When subjects were divided by past PALs, calcium intake and PAL were second to age and weight in their influence on spinal and hip BMD, but remained influential on the os calcis and whole body. We conclude that current high calcium intakes and PALs influence BMD at the os calcis and TBMC and protect bone mass in women 5-12 y postmenopausal at all measured sites, including the spine and hip. This finding does not exclude the possibility of past influences of calcium and activity on bone mass.

Mandibular inferior cortex erosion as a sign of elevated total serum calcium in elderly people: a 9-year follow-up study

“…The interaction between bone mineral intake and TSC is not fully understood, nor is the effect of TSC and physical activity on bone metabolism, but many investigators believe that adequate calcium intake and physical activity are critical issues for maintaining bone metabolism. [12][13][14] To reflect bone metabolism, we used MIC conditions on a series of dental panoramic radiographs and investigated the relationship with TSC after 9 years.…”

Prevalência da deficiência, insuficiência de vitamina D e hiperparatiroidismo secundário em idosos institucionalizados e moradores na comunidade da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil

“…Os valores de PTH correlacionam-se de maneira inversa às concentrações de vitamina D tanto em idosos quanto na população jovem, e a alta prevalência Sabendo-se que a reposição de cálcio e vitamina D tem efeito protetor sobre a massa óssea (25)(26)(27)(28)(29), torna-se relevante a identificação de pacientes com risco de hipovitaminose D, para que haja uma adequada reposição atuando como mecanismo preventivo sobre o risco de fratura.…”

Lifestyle impact on serum level of vitamin D and PTH, in elderly

“…However, the relation between a sedentary lifestyle and the plasmatic concentrations of the hormones that regulate calcium is not evident (Marta & Cardoso, n.d.). A study performed by Suleiman et al, 1997, that aimed to evaluate the influence of the ingestion of calcium and the physical activity in the osseous turnover in postmenopausal woman, concludes that the practice of physical activity allied to an ingestion of calcium in the diet, favored the increase of the bone mineral density (p<0.001) (Suleiman et al, 1997). The elderly that realized three to four meals per day, and that were not institutionalized, tended to present better results for the vitamin D. There weren't found studies that support the relation between the number of daily meals and the concentrations of 25(OH)D and iPTH.…”

“…In fact, the geriatric population is more sensitive to hypovitaminosis D due to several reasons: low sun exposure, reduction of the capacity to synthesise the hypovitaminosis D, bad diet, inadequate absorption of calcium by the gastrointestinal tract, utilization of medication and the compromise of the kidneys (Santiago et al, 2012;Saraiva et al, 2007;Timpini, Pini, Tantucci, Cossi, & Grassi, 2011). Several studies point to a plus risk of hypovitaminosis D on patients that are institutionalized or hospitalized (Ebeling, 2014;Gallagher et al, 1998;Himeno et al, 2009;Kinyamu, Gallagher, Balhorn, Petranick, & Rafferty, 1997;Kinyamu, Gallagher, Rafferty, & Balhorn, 1998;Kuwabara et al, 2009;Marta & Cardoso, n.d.;Suleiman, Nelson, Li, & Moniz, 1997). The synthesis of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 is potentiated by the PTH and inhibited by high serum levels of calcium.…”