Effect of calcium content of diet on crystal formation in urine of patients with calcium oxalate stones: a randomized crossover clinical trial

Gopala, Sathish Kumar; Joe, Jim

doi:10.1186/s12301-021-00222-1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…[ 29 ] analysed the correlations for calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, zinc and creatinine and found correlation coefficients ranging from 0.22 for creatinine to 0.64 for zinc. However, our study is the first comprehensive exploration in stone formers—who have been reported to have peculiar fasting, postprandial, and/or circadian patterns of urinary excretions compared with non-stone formers [ 30–32 ]—and we could also examine the differential value of spot urines obtained at different times of day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating 24-hour urinary excretion using spot urine measurements in kidney stone formers

Ferraro

López

Petrarulo

et al. 2022

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

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Background One limitation of the use of 24-hour collection is impracticality. We analysed the performance of spot urine measurements to estimate 24-hour excretion in patients with kidney stones. Methods A total of 74 adult patients from two centres performed a 24-hour urine collection. A sample of the last micturition was sent for spot urine analysis. Twenty patients were asked to collect two additional spot urine samples, one before dinner and the other after dinner. Urinary concentrations of creatinine, calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate and magnesium were measured in the 24-hour and each of the spot urine samples. Four approaches were used to estimate 24-hour urinary excretion, multiplying the ratio of the spot urinary analyte to creatinine concentration by (i) measured 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 1), (ii) estimated 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 2), (iii) assumed 1-g 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 3) or (iv) assumed 1.5-g 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion (Prediction 4). For each parameter we computed Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs), Bland–Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement. Results The performance of estimates obtained with Prediction 1 and Prediction 2 was similar, except for citrate and uric acid, for which Prediction 2 performed worse. Both approaches performed moderately well: citrate CCC {0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–0.90]}, oxalate [0.66 (95% CI 0.55–0.78)], magnesium [0.66 (95% CI 0.54–0.77)], calcium [0.63 (95% CI 0.50–0.75)] and uric acid [0.52 (95% CI 0.36–0.68)]. The performance of Predictions 3 and 4 was worse. Conclusions Although spot urine samples may hold promise for clinical and population-based research, at present they have limited utility in clinical practice. Measuring or estimating 24-hour creatinine, rather than assuming a given creatinine excretion, will be necessary in future studies of spot urine samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating 24-hour urinary excretion using spot urine measurements in kidney stone formers

Ferraro

López

Petrarulo

et al. 2022

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

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Urolithiasis unveiled: pathophysiology, stone dynamics, types, and inhibitory mechanisms: a review

Allam

2024

Afr J Urol

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Urolithiasis is a multifaceted and common urological disorder characterized by the development of renal calculi. Calcium oxalate stones are the most prevalent type of calculi, forming when calcium and oxalate combine to produce crystalline structures in the urine. The incidence rates of urolithiasis exhibit geographical variations, which are determined by factors such as geographic location, age, sex, dietary habits, and genetics. The increasing trend of urolithiasis has emerged as a noteworthy public health issue, potentially attributed to shifts in dietary and lifestyle habits. In response to this challenge, various inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal formation, including small molecules, peptides, and proteins, have been developed. Moreover, substances such as citrate, magnesium, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitors, phytate, potassium, and pyrophosphates show promise in preventing kidney stones. A comprehensive metabolic assessment is crucial, customized for each patient, to effectively manage and avoid the recurrence of urolithiasis. Although specific pharmacological treatments for urolithiasis are currently unavailable, some drugs can reduce pain. Some drugs, including calcium channel blockers like nifedipine, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors like tadalafil, and alpha-blockers like tamsulosin, are thought to lower ureteral contractions by making the ureteral smooth muscle relax. In acute and severe pain cases, intravenous administration of narcotic analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents may be employed in emergency medical settings. To enhance therapeutic approaches, it is essential to gain more knowledge about the pathophysiology of renal calculi. The development of inhibitors targeting calcium oxalate crystal formation offers a promising avenue for urolithiasis prophylaxis. Identifying and investigating potential inhibitors lays the framework for the creation of more effective and targeted therapeutic options. Graphical Abstract

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The Effects of Diet, Dietary Supplements, Drugs and Exercise on Physical, Diagnostic Values of Urine Characteristics

Skrajnowska,

Bobrowska-Korczak

2024

Nutrients

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Background/Objectives: This review summarizes the current knowledge about factors that affect the physical characteristics of urine. It highlights proper urine sample collection and displays factors like diet, hydration status, and medications that can alter urine color, odor, clarity, specific gravity and pH. Results: Urinalysis is a minimally invasive examination of a patient’s health, especially concerning nephrological and endocrinological abnormalities, as well as dietary habits and stimulants used. Certain deviations in appearance, composition or frequency/pain during urination may indicate an ongoing disease process in the body. Based on laboratory results, further medical treatment is determined. The reason for a change in the color of the urine, for its clouding or intense odor may be a disease, as well as the consumption of food, medication, intensive physical exercise or inadequate hydration of the body. Well-standardized procedures for collecting, transporting, preparing and analyzing samples should become the basis for an effective diagnostic strategy in urinalysis. It is worth noting that pharmacists in pharmaceutical care are often the first people to whom a patient turns for health advice and for the interpretation of simple laboratory tests. Acquiring the ability to interpret the results of laboratory tests and the principles of proper sampling for laboratory tests is indispensable in the process of possible counseling and providing reliable answers to patients’ questions. Conclusions: Although urinalysis is not recommended as a routine screening tool for the general population, it can prove to be a valuable source of patient health data in some cases as the data will be useful to physicians and pharmacists to more effectively diagnose and better care for patients.

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Effect of calcium content of diet on crystal formation in urine of patients with calcium oxalate stones: a randomized crossover clinical trial

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Estimating 24-hour urinary excretion using spot urine measurements in kidney stone formers

Estimating 24-hour urinary excretion using spot urine measurements in kidney stone formers

Urolithiasis unveiled: pathophysiology, stone dynamics, types, and inhibitory mechanisms: a review

The Effects of Diet, Dietary Supplements, Drugs and Exercise on Physical, Diagnostic Values of Urine Characteristics

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