Effect of cadmium on the defense response of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to Listonella anguillarum challenge

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution can affect the immune capability of organisms. We evaluated the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the defense responses of the Pacifi c oyster Crassostrea gigas to Listonella anguillarum challenge. The activities of several important defensive enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), acid phosphatase (ACP), Na + , K + -ATPase in gills and hepatopancreas, and phenoloxidase-like (POL) enzyme in hemolymph were assayed. In addition, the expression levels of several genes, including heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), metallothionein (MT), and bactericidal/permeability increasing (BPI) protein were quantifi ed by fl uorescent quantitative PCR. The enzyme activities of SOD, ACP, POL, and GPx in hepatopancreas, and the expression of HSP90 were down-regulated, whereas GPx activity in the gill, Na + , K + -ATPase activities in both tissues, and MT expression was increased in Cdexposed oysters post L . anguillarum challenge. However, BPI expression was not signifi cantly altered by co-stress of L . anguillarum infection and cadmium exposure. Our results suggest that cadmium exposure alters the oysters' immune responses and energy metabolism following vibrio infection.

Recent findings on phenoloxidases in bivalves

“…o-diphenols such as L-DOPA or dopamine (e.g. Asokan et al, 1997;Luna-Gonzalez et al, 2003;Gagnaire et al, 2004;Bouilly et al, 2006;Thiagarajan et al, 2006;Jing et al, 2006;Hellio et al, 2007;Thomas-Guyon et al, 2009;Cong et al, 2013).…”

“…Among proteins that can be modulated by the presence of contaminants in the environment, different authors have shown that PO activities in bivalve molluscs can be modulated by inorganic (Gagnaire et al, 2004;Chakraborty et al, 2010;Cong et al, 2013;Haberkorn et al, 2014;Buffet et al, 2013;Buffet et al, 2014) and organic contaminants (Bado-Nilles et al, 2009a, 2009bBado-Nilles et al, 2010;Bianchi et al, 2014;Díaz-Resendiz et al, 2014;Luna-Acosta et al, 2011b;Milinkovitch et al, 2015a;Breitwieser et al, 2016). In addition, a gene coding for a laccase-type PO has been identified in C. gigas (Renault et al, 2011) and modulation of the expression of this gene has been observed, following exposure of C. gigas to hydrocarbons (Bado-Nilles et al, 2010) and to the pesticide diuron (Luna-Acosta et al, 2012).…”

Geochemical Assessment and Spatial Analysis of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments in the Eastern Beibu Gulf: A Reflection on the Industrial Development of the South China Coast

“…The development of the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone results in the emission of large amounts of discharged materials into the Beibu Gulf via river input and atmospheric deposition. Heavy metals are usually treated as one of the most serious pollutants due to their potentially toxic effects, environmental persistence and bioaccumulation capacity [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Heavy metal pollution in aquatic environments has received much attention in China in the past decade [ 6 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Sensitivity of Larvae and Adult and the Immunologic Characteristics ofLitopenaeus vannameiunder the Acute Hypoxia

“…Marine invertebrates, including mussels (e.g., Mytilus galloprovincialis) [12,13], clams (e.g., Ruditapes philippinarum) [14][15][16][17], oysters (e.g., Crassostrea gigas) [18], and shrimps, are widely studied in immunology and environmental science [19][20][21][22][23]. Because of the lack of the acquired immune system, marine invertebrates, such as shrimp, just rely on innate immune system to resist environmental stress [24,25].…”

“…The change trend of HC in the condition of hypoxia and reoxygenation. The F3, F6, F12, F18, and F24 represented, respectively, the treatment time(3,6,12,18, and 24 h) of reoxygenation ( = 3).…”