Effect of blood transfusion on survival among children in a Kenyan hospital

Lackritz, Eve; Campbell, C. C.; Ruebush, Trenton K.; Hightower, Allen W.; Wakube, W.; Were, John

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)91719-o

Cited by 258 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Anemia is a common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa occurring in 30-60% of children less than 5 years of age [1,2] and accounting for more than half of all hospital pediatric mortality [3,4]. One of the leading causes of pediatric anemia in sub-Saharan Africa is Plasmodium falciparum malaria which can culminate in life-threatening severe malarial anemia (SMA) [3,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased circulating interleukin (IL)-23 in children with malarial anemia: In vivo and in vitro relationship with co-regulatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-10

Ong’echa

Remo

Kristoff

et al. 2008

Clinical Immunology

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Severe malarial anemia (SMA) is a leading cause of mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the novel cytokine, interleukin (IL)-23, promotes anemia in chronic inflammatory diseases, the role of IL-23 in SMA remains undefined. Since IL-23 and IL-12 share the IL-12p40 subunit and IL-12Rβ1 receptor, and are down-regulated by IL-10, relationships among these cytokines were explored in Kenyan children with varying severities of malarial anemia. Children with malarial anemia had increased circulating IL-23 and IL-10, and decreased IL-12 relative to healthy controls. Enhanced anemia severity and elevated parasitemia were associated with increased IL-10 relative to IL-23 and IL-12. Further exploration of the relationships among the cytokines using an in vitro model in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with synthetic hemozoin (sHz, malarial pigment) revealed that IL-12p35 and IL-23p19 transcripts had a sustained induction over 72 hrs, while IL-12p40 and IL-10 message peaked at 24 hrs, and rapidly declined thereafter. Taken together, results here show that IL-23 is elevated in children with malarial anemia, and that IL-10 and IL-12 appear to have important regulatory effects on IL-23 production during childhood malaria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the leading causes of pediatric anemia in sub-Saharan Africa is Plasmodium falciparum malaria which can culminate in life-threatening severe malarial anemia (SMA) [3,5,6]. It is estimated that SMA is responsible for 17-22% of the mortality in African children less than 5 years of age [3,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased circulating interleukin (IL)-23 in children with malarial anemia: In vivo and in vitro relationship with co-regulatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-10

Ong’echa

Remo

Kristoff

et al. 2008

Clinical Immunology

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“…[16][17][18] A study among Gabonese children showed that 31% of falciparum affected children had respiratory distress. 19 Results from many studies consistently show that respiratory distress is a life-threatening syndrome in childhood malaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in Vivax malaria in children

Yadav

Rao²,

Midha³

et al. 2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Malaria, the most important protozoal disease in humans remains the significant health problem globally. The objective of this study was to study the acute respiratory distress syndrome in children in vivax malaria.Methods: This prospective study enrolled children with acute febrile illness aged 1-15 years who diagnosed as malaria. Then we searched the children who present with acute (<7 days) history of respiratory distress and fulfill the ARDS criteria.Results: Among 112 children, enrolled in the study 70 (62.5%) were vivax malaria and 42 (37.5%) were falciparum malaria.21 children were diagnosed as ARDS (The level of PaO2/FiO2 was <200). 42.9% children had ARDS due to vivax and 57.1% due to falciparum. The p-value of 0.039 was obtained denoting a significant association. It was noted that the percentage of vivax and falciparum causing ARDS was comparable. Thus, it showed there is a rising propensity of vivax to cause respiratory failure.Conclusions: ARDS is an important severe complication of malaria. Previously it was noted mainly with falciparum but now days there is rising propensity of vivax to cause respiratory failure. ARDS in malaria has high mortality so early diagnosis and appropriate treatment with antimalarial drugs can be lifesaving.

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“…For the purposes of this study, severe anemia was defined by a hemoglobin concentration of less than 5.0 g/dL, moderate anemia by 5.0 to 8.0 g/dL and mild anemia by 8.1 to 10.9 g/dL. 4,7 In Nduta camp, criteria for blood transfusion included having either a hemoglobin concentration less than or equal to 4.0 g/dL or symptoms of congestive heart failure and a hemoglobin of 7.0 g/dL or less. Children were excluded from study admission if they had signs or symptoms of heart failure, severe malaria infection, splenomegaly, or sickle cell disease or trait.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] The World Health Organization estimates that the prevalence of anemia, defined by a hemoglobin concentration of less than 11.0 g/dL in African children less than five years of age, is approximately 33%. 5 Individual studies have estimated the prevalence of anemia to be from 24% in western Africa to almost 80% in western Kenya.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized intervention study comparing several regimens for the treatment of moderate anemia among refugee children in Kigoma Region, Tanzania.

Tomashek¹,

Woodruff²,

Gotway³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Anemia-specific mortality was markedly elevated among refugee children Ͻ 5 years of age in Tanzania. In a randomized, double-blind study, 215 anemic children were initially treated for malaria and helminth infection and then received 12 weeks of thrice-weekly oral iron and folic acid. Group I received placebo and chloroquine treatment for symptomatic malaria infection (i.e., no presumptive anti-malarial treatment given). Group II received placebo and monthly presumptive treatment with sulfamethoxazole-pyrimethamine (SP). Group III also received monthly SP and thrice-weekly vitamins A and C (VAC). Mean hemoglobin concentration increased from 6.6 to 10.2 g/dL, with no significant differences among groups. Group II had lower mean serum transferrin receptor levels (TfR) than group I [P ϭ 0.023]. A greater proportion of participants in group III had normal iron stores (TfR Ͻ 8.5 g/ mL) than in group II [P ϭ 0.012]. Initial helminth and malaria treatment, followed by thrice-weekly iron and folic acid supplements resulted in increased hemoglobin levels. Monthly SP and thrice-weekly VAC contributed to improve iron stores. Monthly SP may have a role in situations where asymptomatic disease is prevalent or where access to care is limited. Because administration of VAC also hastened recovery of iron stores over administration of monthly SP alone, health care personnel could add VAC to the treatment for moderate anemia if maximum recovery of iron stores is desired.

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Effect of blood transfusion on survival among children in a Kenyan hospital

Cited by 258 publications

References 10 publications

Increased circulating interleukin (IL)-23 in children with malarial anemia: In vivo and in vitro relationship with co-regulatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-10

Increased circulating interleukin (IL)-23 in children with malarial anemia: In vivo and in vitro relationship with co-regulatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-10

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in Vivax malaria in children

Randomized intervention study comparing several regimens for the treatment of moderate anemia among refugee children in Kigoma Region, Tanzania.

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