Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscular Performance, Pain and Vascular Function

Early, Kate; Rockhill, Mallory; Bryan, Alicia; Tyo, Brian; Buuck, David; McGinty, Josh

doi:10.26603/ijspt20200892

Cited by 29 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…LLRE–BFR involves loads between 20% and 40% of 1 RM with partial restriction of the arterial blood flow by placing inflatable air cuffs at the most proximal part of the exercising limb [ 23 ]. BFR training has shown significant improvements in muscle strength [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] and muscle growth compared to conventional training [ 28 , 29 , 30 ], suggesting that localized hypoxia may provide a significant metabolic stimulus with increased cellular swelling and type II muscle fiber recruitment during exercise [ 31 ]. Interestingly, similar physiological responses and benefits have been reported with systemic hypoxia training, which includes multi-joint exercises using hypoxic chambers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercised-Induced Hypoalgesia following An Elbow Flexion Low-Load Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: A Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults

et al. 2022

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We aimed to evaluate the hypoalgesic effect of an elbow flexion low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (LLRE–BFR) when compared to high-load resistance exercise (HLRE) with sham-BFR in healthy individuals. Forty healthy young adults (17 women), with a mean age ± SD: 26.6 ± 6.8 years, and mean body mass index ± SD: 23.6 ± 2.7 were randomly assigned to either an LLRE–BFR (30% 1 repetition maximum, RM) or an HLRE with sham-BFR group (70% of 1 RM). Blood pressure and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured pre- and post-exercise intervention. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after each set. There were non-significant between-group changes in PPT at the dominant biceps (−0.61, 95%CI: −1.92 to 0.68) with statistically significant reductions between pre- and post-exercise in LLRE–BFR (effect size, d = 0.88) and HLRE-BFR (effect size, d = 0.52). No within- or between-group differences were recorded in PPT at non-exercising sites of measurement. No mediating effects of changes in blood pressure or RPE on the changes in pressure pain threshold were observed. LLRE–BFR produced a similar hypoalgesic effect locally compared to HLRE and can be used as an alternative intervention to decrease pain sensitivity when HLRE is contraindicated or should be avoided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercised-Induced Hypoalgesia following An Elbow Flexion Low-Load Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: A Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults

et al. 2022

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“… Hunt et al (2013) observed increased popliteal artery FMD of healthy young males 2–4 weeks following unilateral plantar flexion training with BFR (30% of one-repetition maximum [1RM]; 3 sets until failure; 3x/week; BFRP 110 mmHg). Similarly, increased brachial artery FMD was found in healthy young adults following 8 weeks of upper and lower limbs exercises (30% 1RM; 3–4 sets of 21–30 reps; 3x/week; BFRP between 120 and 270 mmHg or based on SBP) ( Early et al, 2020 ; Ramis et al, 2020 ); and healthy older adults following 12 weeks of knee extension and leg press exercises with BFR (20–30% 1RM; 75 reps; 2x/week; BFRP between 120 and 270 mmHg) ( Yasuda et al, 2014 ). In contrast, no significant changes were observed in brachial artery FMD following handgrip training with BFR (40% 1RM until failure; 3x/week for 3 weeks; BFRP 80 mm Hg) in healthy young individuals ( Hunt et al, 2012 ) or arm training with BFR in older adults (elastic resistance; 75 reps; 2x/week; BFRP between 120 and 270 mmHg) ( Yasuda et al, 2015a , b ).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Adaptations Induced By Blood Flow Restriction Training Interventions: What Do We Know So Far?mentioning

confidence: 88%

Blood Flow Restriction Training: To Adjust or Not Adjust the Cuff Pressure Over an Intervention Period?

et al. 2021

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Blood flow restriction (BFR) training combines exercise and partial reduction of muscular blood flow using a pressured cuff. BFR training has been used to increase strength and muscle mass in healthy and clinical populations. A major methodological concern of BFR training is blood flow restriction pressure (BFRP) delivered during an exercise bout. Although some studies increase BFRP throughout a training intervention, it is unclear whether BFRP adjustments are pivotal to maintain an adequate BFR during a training period. While neuromuscular adaptations induced by BFR are widely studied, cardiovascular changes throughout training intervention with BFR and their possible relationship with BFRP are less understood. This study aimed to discuss the need for BFRP adjustment based on cardiovascular outcomes and provide directions for future researches. We conducted a literature review and analyzed 29 studies investigating cardiovascular adaptations following BFR training. Participants in the studies were healthy, middle-aged adults, older adults and clinical patients. Cuff pressure, when adjusted, was increased during the training period. However, cardiovascular outcomes did not provide a plausible rationale for cuff pressure increase. In contrast, avoiding increments in cuff pressure may minimize discomfort, pain and risks associated with BFR interventions, particularly in clinical populations. Given that cardiovascular adaptations induced by BFR training are conflicting, it is challenging to indicate whether increases or decreases in BFRP are needed. Based on the available evidence, we suggest that future studies investigate if maintaining or decreasing cuff pressure makes BFR training safer and/or more comfortable with similar physiological adaptation.

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“…Low-intensity resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction (LE-BFR) has been widely implemented to investigate its cardiovascular effect, but most of the research explored the cardiovascular effect on healthy adults. Early et al found LE-BFR could lower SBP in healthy young adults ( Early et al, 2020 ). However, studies on LE-BFR in hypertension patients are rare ( Cerqueira et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise Combined With Blood Flow Restriction is More Conducive to Regulate Blood Pressure and Autonomic Nervous System in Hypertension Patients—Compared With High-Intensity and Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise

Zhao

Zheng

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Background: The effect of resistance exercise on the autonomic nervous system of patients with hypertension has not been identified.Objective: To explore a suitable resistance training method for hypertension patients to regulate blood pressure (BP) and autonomic nervous system function.Method: Forty-five hypertension patients aged between 55 and 70 years were randomly equally divided into three groups: the high-intensity resistance exercise (HE) group, the low-intensity resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction (LE-BFR) group, and the low-intensity resistance exercise (LE) group. All patients performed quadriceps femoris resistance exercise. The exercise intensity of HE, LE-BFR and LE group was 65, 30 and 30% of one repetition maximum (1RM), respectively. The LE-BFR group used pressure cuffs to provide 130% of systolic pressure to the patient’s thighs during resistance exercise. The training program was 20 times/min/set with a 1-min break after each set, and was conducted five sets/day and 3 days/week, lasting for 12 weeks. The heart rate (HR), BP, root-mean-square of difference-value of adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) were evaluated before and after the first training and the last training.Result: Significant differences in HR were observed in both recovery states after the first and last training (p < 0.01). After 12 weeks of training, the recovery speed of HR in the LE-BFR group increased significantly (p < 0.01). The systolic blood pressures in the HE and LE-BFR group were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01), and the differences among groups were significant (p < 0.01). In the last recovery state, the RMSSD of the LE group was significantly lower than that in the first recovery state (p < 0.01). The LF/HF ratios of the HE and LE groups in the resting and recovery states were increased significantly (all p < 0.01). LF/HF ratios in the LE-BFR group in the resting and recovery state were decreased significantly (both p < 0.01).Conclusion: Compared to HE and LE, LE-BFR could effectively decrease systolic pressure and regulate the autonomic nervous system function in hypertension patients.

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Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscular Performance, Pain and Vascular Function

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Exercised-Induced Hypoalgesia following An Elbow Flexion Low-Load Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: A Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults

Exercised-Induced Hypoalgesia following An Elbow Flexion Low-Load Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: A Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults

Blood Flow Restriction Training: To Adjust or Not Adjust the Cuff Pressure Over an Intervention Period?

Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise Combined With Blood Flow Restriction is More Conducive to Regulate Blood Pressure and Autonomic Nervous System in Hypertension Patients—Compared With High-Intensity and Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise

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