Effect of bleaching with two different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide containing sweet potato extract as an additive on human enamel: An in vitro spectrophotometric and scanning electron microscopy analysis

Abstract

Objectives:To evaluate the color change in teeth bleached with two different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, containing sweet potato extract as an additive, using a spectrophotometer, and to evaluate the surface changes in enamel using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).Materials and Methods:Baseline color values of 24 artificially stained incisors were obtained using a spectrophotometer. The specimens were divided into two groups of 12 teeth, each based on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as follows: Group I — 35% H2O2 and Group II — 10% H2O2. One-half of the tooth was bleached with H2O2 alone (Subgroup A) and the other half was bleached with a combination of H2O2 and sweet potato extract (Subgroup B). Post bleaching the Commission Internationale de l’ Eclairage L*, a*, b* (CIEL*a*b*) values were obtained and ΔE was calculated. The surfaces of the samples were examined using SEM.Results:The mean ΔE values of groups IB (72.52 ± 2.03) and IIB (71.50 ± 1.81) were significantly higher than those of groups IA (65.24 ± 1.02) and IIA (64.19 ± 1.88), respectively, (P < 0.05). The SEM images of groups IB and IIB showed lesser surface irregularities and morphological alterations in enamel.Conclusion:The addition of sweet potato extract to hydrogen peroxide not only resulted in the restoration of the natural tooth color, but also decreased the effects of bleaching on the enamel morphology, compared to the use of hydrogen peroxide alone.

Spectrophotometric and computerized evaluation of tooth bleaching employing 10 different home-bleaching procedures: In-vitro study

“…[ 18 ] In this study, although all products under evaluation were home-bleaching systems with similar CP concentrations, it could be observed that there were differences in efficacy between these products, mainly due to the application time and different active ingredients except CP in these products. [ 39 40 ] Contrary to expectations, it is shown in this study that the application time of the bleaching gel is not directly related with the bleaching efficacy of the systems. [ 41 ] Furthermore, the statistical insignificant difference between SG-1 and SG-2, shows 1 h of application time is enough to achieve desired level of bleaching.…”

Evaluation of the effect of different enamel surface treatments and waiting times on the staining prevention after bleaching

“…A rough enamel, with irregularities after bleaching stains more easily (1,8) since food dyes can adhere to rough surface (9). Resultant erosion depths are different with bleaching agents of different pHs, with approximately 0.27µm for 30% H2O2-NaHCO3 (higher pH) and 0.85µm for 35% H2O2 (more acid) (11).…”

“…Superficial roughness increases after bleaching and this enhances teeth staining by dye adhesion (8,9). This consequence is more pronounced with colourant food and beverage intake (10).…”

Stain removal effect of novel papain- and bromelain-containing gels applied to enamel

“…Similar to our study, the use of natural enzymes (polyphenol peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) extracted from the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) recently revealed to positively bleach stained teeth. The authors used the sweet potato extract as an additive to hydrogen peroxide gels, demonstrating that this combination resulted in the restoration of natural tooth color and in reduced alteration of enamel morphology when compared to the use of hydrogen peroxide alone [16]. Regarding this subject, one of the most important advantages of using natural products to whiten teeth rather than using hydrogen/carbamide peroxide-based agents is the less aggressive process produced by the former.…”

“…It is worth mentioning that not only hydrogen peroxide molecules are capable of producing an oxidative reaction, but some vegetable-derived enzymes (e.g., polyphenol peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase) have also been known to result in satisfactory stain removal effect [16]. A fairly novel dentifrice containing bromelain and papain, i.e., two proteolytic enzymes, has demonstrated improved ability to remove tooth stains when compared to the control used (i.e., regular dentifrice) [17,18].…”