Effect of birth interval and wealth on under-5 child mortality in Nigeria

Biradar, Rajeshwari A.; Patel, Kamalesh Kumar; Prasad, Jang Bahadur

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2018.07.006

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As observed by other studies [19,22] in other countries the wealth status of a household plays a very important role in child survival. In this study, results show that children in households classi ed as richest had lower (32%) hazards compared to those from households classi ed as poor.…”

Section: Discussion Of Findingssupporting

confidence: 52%

Under-five Child Survival and Asociated Risk Factors in Zambia

Mulenga

Bwalya

Mapoma

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Under-five mortality remains a global public health challenge faced by several developing countries particularly those in Sub-Sahara African. This study aimed to analyse risk factors for under-five mortality in Zambia. Methods: In order to achieve this objectives, the most recent 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey Children’s dataset was used. Microsoft Excel 2013 and Stata 13 software were used to analyse the data by first establishing percentage and graphical distributions of variables of interest and thereafter apply Survival analysis to produce Kaplan – Meier results with the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results: Our findings show that various factors pose risks to under-five mortality. In this regard, the mother’s education, higher birth order, being from a household classified as rich and residing in rural areas has a protective effect for under-five mortality, while older mothers and being in female headed household increases the risk of under-five mortality. Conclusion and Policy Implication: It is clear that Under-five mortality remains high in Zambia and influenced in a significant way by two major factors – older ages at birth for mothers and female headed households. While the latter is a result of society and community settings and how they interact with various cultural and traditional norms as well as power relations and the gender perspective, the former could be associated with access to comprehensive reproductive health services coupled with access to education. In view of the findings, the study has important policy implications at national level in monitoring the implementation of various infant and under five interventions aimed at reducing IMR and U5M and also to ensure that it achieves the SDG 3.2, as such, all interventions should have a demographic and socio-economic lens at all levels of service provision and implementation. Nonetheless, these should be implemented in line with known high impact under-5 interventions already being implemented if maximum results are to be achieved.

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Section: Discussion Of Findingssupporting

confidence: 52%

Under-five Child Survival and Asociated Risk Factors in Zambia

Mulenga

Bwalya

Mapoma

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…A study based on Nigeria found that under-five Determinants of infant mortality in Sierra Leone child mortality was 7% lower when mothers had a birth spacing of 2-3 years compared to those who had short birth interval (<2 years). IMR tended to be 22% lower if birth interval exceeded three years (Biradar et al, 2019).…”

Section: Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

Determinants of infant mortality in Sierra Leone: applying Cox proportional hazards model

Naz

Patel

2020

IJSE

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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine biological, maternal and socioeconomic determinants of infant mortality in Sierra Leone.Design/methodology/approachIt uses an analytical framework and Cox proportional hazards regression to break down the effects of factors determining infant mortality. Factors utilized in the empirical investigation include sex of the child, birth size, birth spacing, mother's working status, age of mother, antenatal care, postnatal care, mother's anemia level, religion, mother's education and wealth status.FindingsResults suggest that birth spacing of three years and above associated with a reduced risk of infant mortality contrasted with short birth intervals. Children born to nonanemic mothers have a lower hazard (22%) of infant mortality compared to those born to anemic mothers (HR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64–0.96). At least one antenatal care visit by mothers lowers infant mortality rate by 41% compared to no antenatal visits at all ( HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36–0.96). Similarly, infants whose mothers have received postnatal care are at lower risk (31%) of dying than those whose mothers have not received (HR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.93). Infant mortality is likely to decrease with the increase in the birth order.Practical implicationsThe family health and planning programs should aim at educating men and women about the usefulness of birth spacing methods.Originality/valueThis paper might be the first attempt to analyze the determinants of infant mortality by utilizing a methodological framework and Cox regression.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2019-0478.

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“…It may be because of the effects of other factors, for example, birth spacing, birth size, number of children in the household, and mother's age, which would overdo the effect of wealth status. 12,13,22,27 The proximate factors examined in the study included mother's age at first birth, sex of child, and number of children in the household. Younger mothers (< 18 years) were predisposed to higher risk of under-five mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, previous studies suggest that the birth intervals of specific ranges, < 36 months and > 60 months, are associated with higher hazards of mortality and morbidity among infants. 22,23 The birth size of the child was measured as a categorical variable. Three groups were formed: very small; small; and average or larger.…”

Section: Crucial Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crucial predicting factors of under-five mortality in Sierra Leone

Naz

Patel

Uzoma

2020

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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includes in countries which exhibit the highest prevalence of under-five mortality in the world. A range of factors are known to have challenged the under-five survival in the country; some comprise outbreak of epidemics, socioeconomic inequalities, regional disparities, and unsuccessful implementation of healthcare initiatives. The present study aims to identify crucial predictors of under-five survival. Methods: This paper used the Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (SLDH, 2013). A Cox Proportional Hazards Model was applied to the sample of 24,742 children to analyze the adjusted and unadjusted hazards ratio of crucial risk factors of under-five mortality. Results: The results show that birth interval and birth size are leading risk factors of under-five mortality in Sierra Leone. A birth spacing exceeding three years is associated with the lowest risk compared to 2-3 years and lesser than two years. The average or larger birth size has the lowest hazards followed by smaller than average, and the magnitude of the effect remains the same in adjusted and unadjusted models. The wealth status is a crucial predictor only in the unadjusted model. Mother's age, sex of the child, and a number of children in the household are significant covariates. Conclusion: Given the research findings, this study recommends for reorientation of reproductive healthcare strategies to target the younger mother and birth-spacing, and integration of nutrition-related interventions with the maternal healthcare initiatives to influence the child birth-size.

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Effect of birth interval and wealth on under-5 child mortality in Nigeria

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Under-five Child Survival and Asociated Risk Factors in Zambia

Under-five Child Survival and Asociated Risk Factors in Zambia

Determinants of infant mortality in Sierra Leone: applying Cox proportional hazards model

Crucial predicting factors of under-five mortality in Sierra Leone

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