Effect of Biomedical Materials in the Implementation of a Long and Healthy Life Policy

Abstract

This paper is divided into seven main parts. Its purpose is to review the literature to demonstrate the importance of developing bioengineering and global production of biomaterials to care for the level of healthcare in the world. First, the general description of health as a universal human value and assumptions of a long and healthy life policy is presented. The ethical aspects of the mission of medical doctors and dentists were emphasized. The coronavirus, COVID-19, pandemic has had a significant impact on health issues, determining the world’s health situation. The scope of the diseases is given, and specific methods of their prevention are discussed. The next part focuses on bioengineering issues, mainly medical engineering and dental engineering, and the need for doctors to use technical solutions supporting medicine and dentistry, taking into account the current stage Industry 4.0 of the industrial revolution. The concept of Dentistry 4.0 was generally presented, and a general Bioengineering 4.0 approach was suggested. The basics of production management and the quality loop of the product life cycle were analyzed. The general classification of medical devices and biomedical materials necessary for their production was presented. The paper contains an analysis of the synthesis and characterization of biomedical materials supporting medicine and dentistry, emphasizing additive manufacturing methods. Numerous examples of clinical applications supported considerations regarding biomedical materials. The economic conditions for implementing various biomedical materials groups were supported by forecasts for developing global markets for biomaterials, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. In the seventh part, recapitulation and final remarks against the background of historical retrospection, it was emphasized that the technological processes of production and processing of biomedical materials and the systematic increase in their global production are a determinant of the implementation of a long and healthy policy.

Virtual Approach to the Comparative Analysis of Biomaterials Used in Endodontic Treatment

“…The assumptions of the so-called "digital twins" as an approach characteristic of Industry 4.0 [64,65, and the resulting idea of Dentistry 4.0 [62,63,66] were adopted to achieve the set research goals. The concept of the "digital twin" allows many experiments to be carried out in a virtual space before the analysed product or object is physically created or made available for research, even without its physical existence.…”

“…This paper focused on the methodological aspects of the research, as the detailed results of this research were presented in a series of other publications [286]. The detailed multipoint research methodology included the theoretical analysis carried out here using procedural benchmarking and comparative analysis using contextual matrices, in addition to reviewing the literature and preliminary analyses, the assumptions of the so-called "digital twins" as an approach characteristic of Industry 4.0 [64,65,, and the resulting idea of Dentistry 4.0 [62,63,66]. The concept of the "digital twin" allows many experiments to be carried out in virtual space before the analysed product or object is physically created or made available for research, even without its physical existence.…”

“…The basis of many therapeutic activities undertaken by dentists is close cooperation with the engineering and technical environment. In addition to the use of numerous devices, they range from a dental unit with a dental chair, through modern medical diagnosis methods using conical beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral and extraoral scanning, to a wide range related to Dentistry 4.0 [62,63] as an activity within Industry 4.0. The centres for producing dental prosthetic restorations fit into this idea as smart factories .…”

Production and Characterization of a 316L Stainless Steel/β-TCP Biocomposite Using the Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) Technique for Dental and Orthopedic Applications

“…where ρ v = green density (g/cm 3 ), ρ sint = sintered density (g/cm 3 ), ρ H2O = water density (g/cm 3 ), m = dry weight (g), m sub = suspended weight (g), m u = saturated weight (g), V = volume (cm 3 ), and P a = apparent porosity (%).…”

“…To be considered biocompatible and avoid compromising the patient's health, the material must not induce cytotoxic reactions in the organism [1,2]. The biomaterials market is growing expansively, and according to the compound annual growth rate, it is estimated that in five years the numbers can vary from 5.5% to 32% in some areas [3].…”