Effect of binder saturation and drying time on microstructure and resulting properties of sinter-HIP binder-jet 3D-printed WC-Co composites

Mostafaei, Amir; Vecchis, Pierangeli Rodriguez De; Kimes, Katerina; Elhassid, Drew; Chmielus, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.102128

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The green relative density values can be observed in Figure 2. By increasing the layer thickness, the relative density of the specimen decreases by ~5% due to the higher risk of macro-void formation during powder deposition and the heterogeneous binder diffusion through the structure because a larger amount of liquid is deposited on top of each layer [57,58]. Indeed, even though corresponding BS are related to the same amount of binder introduced in the specimen, capillary-induced infiltration alone does not guarantee that the binder is equally distributed within the layer in case of different LT [58].…”

Section: Characterization Of the Green Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of process parameters, debinding and sintering on the microstructure of 316L stainless steel produced by binder jetting

Lecis

Mariani

Beltrami

et al. 2021

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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Section: Characterization Of the Green Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of process parameters, debinding and sintering on the microstructure of 316L stainless steel produced by binder jetting

Lecis

Mariani

Beltrami

et al. 2021

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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“…On the other hand, as sinterbased routes are implemented following sequential and separated stages of geometrical shape formation and final consolidation by sintering, they are usually capable of achieving homogeneous two-phase microstructures; thus, it is aimed for the properties to be linked to the proper processing and compositions of hardmetals. Within this framework, two material delivery routes-binder jetting (BJT) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and material extrusion [16][17][18][19][20][21]-have emerged as the leading technologies for fabricating hardmetal parts. However, different from the latter, the former is the only one that has currently achieved maturity to fabricate hardmetal parts on a mass scale [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Direction Effects on the Sliding Contact Response of a Binder Jetting 3D-Printed WC-Co Hardmetal

Cabezas,

Berger,

Jiménez-Piqué

et al. 2024

Crystals

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Binder jetting additive manufacturing offers a promising route to produce complex geometries in cemented carbides (WC-Co), but it may introduce direction-dependent microstructural variations potentially affecting wear resistance. This study investigates the influence of printing direction on the sliding contact response of 3D-printed and subsequently sintered (BJT) WC-12%Co. Prismatic specimens were printed along two orientations and subjected to single and repetitive scratch tests on three orthogonal faces. The microstructure, Vickers and scratch hardness, and wear rate were analyzed. The results showed a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of a matrix of fine carbides where several large particles where embedded. It was different from the homogenous microstructural scenarios exhibited by conventionally pressed and sintered fine- and coarse-grained hardmetals, used as reference for comparison purposes. The influence of printing direction on either the microstructure or mechanical properties of BJT specimens was found to be negligible. Interestingly, BJT samples exhibited superior wear resistance than the reference hardmetals, even though the hardness levels were alike for all the studied hardmetal grades. Such behavior is attributed to the co-existence of coarse and fine carbides within the microstructure, combining the energy absorption capability of the former with the inherent strength of the latter. These findings, together with the intrinsic flexibility and versatility advantages associated with additive manufacturing, highlight the potential of BJT hardmetals to be used in applications where contact load bearing or wear resistance are critical design parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of implementing an iterative sliding contact test for evaluating wear behavior in cemented carbides was also validated.

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“…To accelerate broad adoption, researchers have empirically studied the BJT process–structure–property relationships (Jiang et al , 2021; Lecis et al , 2021; Mostafaei et al , 2021a, Miyanaji et al , 2020; Miyanaji et al , 2019); however, there has been limited exploration of the role of binder-powder interaction on formation of primitives or parts and quality of the parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of binder droplet size and powder particle size on binder jetting part properties

Rahman

Miyanaji

Williams

2023

RPJ

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Purpose In binder jetting, the interaction between the liquid binder droplets and the powder particles defines the shape of the printed primitives. The purpose of this study is to explore the interaction of the relative size of powder particles and binder droplets and the subsequent effects on macro-scale part properties. Design/methodology/approach The effects of different particle size distribution (5–25 µm and 15–45 µm) of stainless steel 316 L powders and droplet sizes (10 and 30 pL) on part density, shrinkage, mechanical strength, pore morphology and distribution are investigated. Experimental samples were fabricated in two different layer thicknesses (50 and 100 µm). Findings While 15–45 µm samples demonstrated higher green density (53.10 ± 0.25%) than 5–25 µm samples (50.31 ± 1.06%), higher sintered densities were achieved in 5–25 µm samples (70.60 ± 6.18%) compared to 15–45 µm samples (65.23 ± 3.24%). Samples of 5–25 µm also demonstrated superior ultimate tensile strength (94.66 ± 25.92 MPa) compared to 15–45 µm samples (39.34 ± 7.33 MPa). Droplet size effects were found to be negligible on both green and sintered densities; however, specimens printed with 10-pL droplets had higher ultimate tensile strength (79.70 ± 42.31 MPa) compared to those made from 30-pL droplets (54.29 ± 23.35 MPa). Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper details the first report of the combined effects of different particle size distribution with different binder droplet sizes on the part macro-scale properties. The results can inform appropriate process parameters to achieve desired final part properties.

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Effect of binder saturation and drying time on microstructure and resulting properties of sinter-HIP binder-jet 3D-printed WC-Co composites

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of process parameters, debinding and sintering on the microstructure of 316L stainless steel produced by binder jetting

Effects of process parameters, debinding and sintering on the microstructure of 316L stainless steel produced by binder jetting

Printing Direction Effects on the Sliding Contact Response of a Binder Jetting 3D-Printed WC-Co Hardmetal

Effects of binder droplet size and powder particle size on binder jetting part properties

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