Effects of process parameters, debinding and sintering on the microstructure of 316L stainless steel produced by binder jetting

Lecis, N.; Mariani, Marco; Beltrami, Ruben; Emanuelli, Lorena; Casati, Riccardo; Vedani, Maurizio; Molinari, A.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2021.142108

Cited by 70 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Samples were produced by an Innovent Plus 3D printer machine (ExOne, North Huntingdon, PA, USA); process parameters are reported in Table 1. The process set-up was derived using the calibration procedure reported in Reference [27]. Interruptions to the printing process were required to realize minor maintenance operations and avoid major deviations in the printed components from the CAD files.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Flatness Form Error in Binder Jetting Process as Affected by the Inclination Angle

Zago

Lecis

Mariani

et al. 2022

Metals

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Binder jetting (BJ) has demonstrated high competitiveness among additive manufacturing processes on account of its high production rate at a low material cost. However, both the design procedure and the process for BJ have to be further developed, aiming towards the proper control of the geometrical and dimensional precision and accuracy of the final product. This paper aims to study the factors that affect the flatness form error. Five geometries were designed to obtain planes that were inclined with respect to the fabrication direction. These planes were measured by a coordinate measuring machine in both the green and sintered state, deriving the best-fitting plane and the flatness form error. The analysis of the green samples demonstrates the prevailing influence of saturation level and layer shifting on flatness form error. In the sintered parts, a dimensional change in sintering can determine shape distortion, or an increment in the surface irregularity observed in the green state. The experimental results clearly evidence the effect of both printing and sintering on the quality of the final product, which should be considered when designing parts to be produced using BJ technology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Flatness Form Error in Binder Jetting Process as Affected by the Inclination Angle

Zago

Lecis

Mariani

et al. 2022

Metals

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View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The high intensity energy issues related to SEBM/SLM techniques are typically overcome by the binder jetting process, which applies the paradigms of the traditional 2D printing to the development of three-dimensional objects. In this process, the final object is obtained by a layer-by-layer selective deposition of a liquid binder onto a powder beds of precursors materials, such as ceramics (Lv et al, 2019), stainless steel (Mirzababaei and Pasebani, 2019;Lecis et al, 2021) and copper (Bai and Williams, 2015). Thanks to the powder-liquid interaction, the cross section of the object is produced; after the removal of excess powder, the final structure is obtained by thermal treatment, to remove the binder components and to sinter the metal framework (Ziaee and Crane, 2019).…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing Of Geometric Supportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Highly Conductive Structured Supports for the Intensification of Non-adiabatic Gas-Solid Catalytic Processes: The Methane Steam Reforming Case Study

et al. 2022

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Structured catalysts are strong candidates for the intensification of non-adiabatic gas-solid catalytic processes thanks to their superior heat and mass transfer properties combined with low pressure drops. In the past two decades, different types of substrates have been proposed, including honeycomb monoliths, open-cell foams and, more recently, periodic open cellular structures produced by additive manufacturing methods. Among others, thermally conductive metallic cellular substrates have been extensively tested in heat-transfer limited exo- or endo-thermic processes in tubular reactors, demonstrating significant potential for process intensification. The catalytic activation of these geometries is critical: on one hand, these structures can be washcoated with a thin layer of catalytic active phase, but the resulting catalyst inventory is limited. More recently, an alternative approach has been proposed, which relies on packing the cavities of the metallic matrix with catalyst pellets. In this paper, an up-to-date overview of the aforementioned topics will be provided. After a brief introduction concerning the concept of structured catalysts based on highly conductive supports, specific attention will be devoted to the most recent advances in their manufacturing and in their catalytic activation. Finally, the application to the methane steam reforming process will be presented as a relevant case study of process intensification. The results from a comparison of three different reactor layouts (i.e. conventional packed bed, washcoated copper foams and packed copper foams) will highlight the benefits for the overall reformer performance resulting from the adoption of highly conductive structured internals.

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“…in a single thermal cycle in a chamber furnace (Lenton UAF 14/27, CARBOLITE GERO, UK) to remove the organic material and consolidate the parts. The debinding conditions for PEG were adopted from previous studies [27] and were confirmed after thermogravimetric analyses (TGA Q500, TA Instruments, US) of granulated powders with PEI in the 0-600 • C range in air. The components were finally sintered at 1700 • C for 1 h (Route 1 -Electric furnace, ATN 30/18, Nannetti S.r.l., Italy) and, for A30I2L and B30I2S samples only, at 1750 • C for 3 h (Route 2).…”

Section: Printing and Densificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring α-alumina powder morphology through spray drying for cold consolidation by binder jetting

et al. 2022

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Effects of process parameters, debinding and sintering on the microstructure of 316L stainless steel produced by binder jetting

Cited by 70 publications

References 68 publications

Analysis of the Flatness Form Error in Binder Jetting Process as Affected by the Inclination Angle

Analysis of the Flatness Form Error in Binder Jetting Process as Affected by the Inclination Angle

Recent Advances in the Development of Highly Conductive Structured Supports for the Intensification of Non-adiabatic Gas-Solid Catalytic Processes: The Methane Steam Reforming Case Study

Tailoring α-alumina powder morphology through spray drying for cold consolidation by binder jetting

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