Comprehensive studies of the effect of the dose characteristics of an active electron beam on conversion of the components of ozonized and straight-run atmospheric resid were conducted for the first time. It was shown that preliminary ozonation totally alters the mechanism and paths of radiolysis reactions.The structure of the heavy crude oil feedstock changed and the concentration of vanadylporphyrins decreased by 1.3 times.Exhaustive refining of crude oil involves searching for and developing process solutions that allow completely utilizing the hydrocarbon constituent of heavy crude feedstock. Improving the processes for refining such feedstock abroad have basically been oriented toward creating highly effective catalytic systems and equipment.Methods of activating feedstock with such physical effects as ultrasound, magnetic treatment, ultrahigh frequencies, infrared radiation, mechanochemistry, ultraviolet radiation, etc., could be an alternative or supplement to traditional oil refining processes.Publications [1-8] on the use of nontraditional refining methods convincingly indicate the effectiveness of controlling intermolecular interactions in petroleum disperse systems with these methods. Such effects in the final analysis alter the number and size of particles of the disperse phase, which allows more completely realizing the potentials of the feedstock and increasing the yield and quality of target products during subsequent use of traditional technologies.The possibility of activation of visbreaking feedstock -atmospheric resid -by exposing it to an active electron beam and ozone was investigated in the present study.There are many monographs [9-12] and articles [13,14] on theoretical aspects and experimental data from studying the effect of an active electron beam on conversion of different organic compounds. The features of radiation thermal cracking (RTC) of different crude oil cuts are described in [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Let us consider the content of these studies in more detail.
342The studies in [12] of transformations of naphtha cuts under 140°C in RTC showed that the degree is a function of the temperature and in comparison to the degree of transformations in thermal cracking (TC), it is more than one order of magnitude higher, and the yield of the products of decomposition attains 15,000 moles/100 eV. In certain irradiation conditions, the radiation constituent neutralizes the thermal constituent and the yield of products is basically ensured by the radiation effect.RTC of West Siberian crude vacuum gasoil distilling within the limits of 350-450°C was investigated in [15] in stationary conditions at temperatures of 300-400°C and doses of 60 Co g radiation of (0.5-2)10 5 Gy with a dose rate of 5.1 Gy/sec. In this process, the total yield of naphtha and benzene cuts at an absorbed dose of 1.510 5 Gy and temperature of 400°C attains 49.2 wt. %. In TC of similar feedstock, it does not exceed 24.9 wt. %. A method for obtaining high-molecular-weight monoolefins based on radiation thermal treatment...
