Effect of Bentonite Incorporated in a Feed Ration with Tilmicosin in the Prevention of Induced Mycoplasma gallisepticum Airsacculitis in Broiler Chickens

Shryock, Thomas R.; Klink, Paul R.; Readnour, Robin S.; Tonkinson, Lealon V.

doi:10.2307/1592071

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These results confirm the suggestion made by other authors (Canadian Bureau of Veterinary Drugs, 1992;EFSA, 2011;Shryock et al, 1994) that bentonite is able to bind macrolide antibiotics. This was demonstrated by a significant alteration of following pharmacokinetic parameters reflecting drug absorption due to the addition of bentonite to the oral bolus: area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinite (AUC 0-inf ), maximal plasma concentration (C max ), time to maximal plasma concentration (T max ) and relative oral bioavailability (relative OBB).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The Canadian Bureau of Veterinary Drugs (1992) reported a case of lack of efficiency of tylosin when fed concurrently with bentonite to bovines. Shryock et al (1994) reported that tilmicosin added to the diet in broiler chickens prevented development of air-sacculitis after inoculation with Mycoplasma gallisepticum, whereas a combined use of tilmicosin and bentonite did not prevent air-sac lesions or clinical symptoms, indicating a possible negative interaction between both. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the capacity of bentonite to bind tylosin, based on specific pharmacokinetic characteristics instead of clinical symptoms which can be biased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction between tylosin and bentonite clay from a pharmacokinetic perspective

Devreese

Osselaere

Goossens

et al. 2012

The Veterinary Journal

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Section: Acknowledgmentssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between tylosin and bentonite clay from a pharmacokinetic perspective

Devreese

Osselaere

Goossens

et al. 2012

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Chickens treated with (tilmicoral ® ) showed a lower mean air-sac lesion score than tylosin medicated ones. Tilmicosin at 300-500 g/ton prevented the development of air-saculitis caused by MG infection (Shryock et al 1994). In addition, the air saculitis of MGinoculated and tilmicosin medicated birds were less than that for the inoculated and unmedicated ones (Jordan & Horrocks 1996, Abd El-Ghany 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics, tissue residues of tilmicosin phosphate (tilmicor-alÂ®) and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation for the control of Mycoplas-ma gallisepticum infection in broiler chickens

Elbadawy

Aboubakr

2017

IJPT

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The aim of present study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of tilmicosin phosphate (tilmicoral ® ) as well as its in vitro and in vivo evaluation for control of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in broiler chickens. Pharmacokinetics (single oral dose) and tissues residues (daily for five days) of tilmicosin (25 mg/kg b.wt) in broilers were investigated. Peak plasma concentration of tilmicosin was 1.25±0.0.09 μg/mL and achieved at 3.15±0.34 h. Elimination half-life was long (44.3±7.22 h) and Vdarea was large (1.25±0.082 L/kg). Residue study revealed a good distribution and penetration of tilmicosine in lung, liver, kidney and muscles. Tilmicosin could not be detected in all tested tissues (except in lung) at 6 days after last administration. The MIC of tilmicosin and tylosin against MG were 0.054 and 0.319 μg/mL, respectively. MG infected chickens and treated by tilmicosin or tylosin showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in mean body weights gain and a significant (p<0.05) decline in mean clinical signs score, air sac lesion score and mortality rate, however tilmicosin was a superior drug. In conclusion, timicoral ® was a very effective medication for controlling MG infection in broiler chickens due to its rapid absorption, long elimination half-life, rapid and extensive penetration from blood into tissues especially lungs and air sacs. Additionally, tilmicoral ® had a short withdrawal time. Moreover, its superior efficacy (in vitro and in vivo) against MG.

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“…Bentonite (2 %) rendered tilmicosin ineffective (Shryock et al, 1994). Robenidine (and ipronidazole and buquinolate) were found to be incompatible with bentonite and ruled not to be used in combination by the FDA (1969,1971,1972).…”

Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of bentonite as a technological feed additive for all species

2012

EFS2

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Bentonites are colloidal clays composed largely of montmorillonite. They are currently authorised for use as feed additives (binders, anti-caking agents and coagulants) to a maximum of 20 g/kg feedingstuffs. They are also authorised for use as food additives. A consortium is seeking the re-authorisation of bentonites as pellet binders and anti-caking agents and authorisation for a new application for the control of radionuclide contamination. Chickens and piglets tolerated the addition of bentonite at a concentration of 3 % of diet and dairy cows tolerated 2 % added bentonite. Trout are reported to tolerate at least 2.5 % bentonite in the diet. Since the application is for all animal species and all bentonites, and as a margin of safety is difficult to establish, the FEEDAP Panel considers that the presently authorised limit of 2 % of diet should be retained. Addition of bentonites to diets is incompatible with the use of robenidine and is expected to reduce the effectiveness of other coccidiostats. No concerns for the safety of consumers of food products derived from animals fed diets containing bentonite were identified. Bentonites are not skin irritants but may be mildly irritant to the eye. Although skin sensitisation was not considered, the Panel notes that bentonites are used in cosmetics. The Panel considers it prudent to assume that all bentonite dusts pose a hazard to those handling the additive. Bentonites are ubiquitous soil components, and their use in animal production is not expected to adversely affect the environment. Bentonites can increase pellet durability when added to complete feed at concentrations of between 1 % and 2 %. Since bentonites are authorised for use, without restriction, as anti-caking agents in food and can be assumed to demonstrate similar properties when applied to feed materials, no further demonstration of efficacy is considered necessary. Bentonites added to feed contaminated by radioactive fallout or made available to grazing animals will reduce levels of radiocaesium in animals and their products. © European Food Safety Authority, 2012 KEY WORDSTechnological additive, anti-caking agent, binder, substances for control of radionuclide contamination, bentonite, safety, efficacy SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety, for target animals, consumer, users and the environment, and the efficacy of a group of bentonites. Bentonites are colloidal and plastic clay materials composed largely of montmorillonite (a species of dioctahedral smectite). The properties of bentonites can vary considerably depending on geological origin and any post-extraction modification, and their individual characteristics have a marked bearing on their economic use. Bentonites (E558) are currently authorised for use as feed additives, with the name -Bentonite-montmorillonite‖, as binders, anti-caking agents and coagulants under the category tec...

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Effect of Bentonite Incorporated in a Feed Ration with Tilmicosin in the Prevention of Induced Mycoplasma gallisepticum Airsacculitis in Broiler Chickens

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Interaction between tylosin and bentonite clay from a pharmacokinetic perspective

Interaction between tylosin and bentonite clay from a pharmacokinetic perspective

Pharmacokinetics, tissue residues of tilmicosin phosphate (tilmicor-alÂ®) and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation for the control of Mycoplas-ma gallisepticum infection in broiler chickens

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of bentonite as a technological feed additive for all species

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