Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Metabolic Diseases and Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract

Obesity is a highly prevalent public health concern, attributed to multifactorial causes and limited in treatment options. Several comorbidities are closely associated with obesity such as the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Bariatric surgery, which can be delivered in multiple forms, has been remarked as an effective treatment to decrease the prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities. The different types of bariatric surgery create a variety of new pathways for food to metabolize in the body and truncate the stomach’s caliber. As a result, only a small quantity of food is tolerated, and the body mass index noticeably decreases. This review describes the improvements of obesity and its comorbidities following bariatric surgery and their mechanism of improvement. Additionally, endocrine function improvements after bariatric surgery, which contributes to the patients’ health improvement, are described, including the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), fibroblast growth factors 19 and 21 (FGF-19, FGF-21), and pancreatic peptide YY (PYY). Lastly, some of the complications of bariatric surgery, including osteoporosis, iron deficiency/anemia, and diarrhea, as well as their potential mechanisms, are described.

Integrative analyses of hub genes and their association with immune infiltration in adipose tissue, liver tissue and skeletal muscle of obese patients after bariatric surgery

“…Obesity is increasing, and has become a serious threat to human health. BS is an effective treatment for obesity and associated comorbidities [ 15 ]. Adipose tissue, liver tissue and skeletal muscle are key metabolic organs [ 16 ].…”

Pérdida de peso corporal y control metabólico en obesos diabéticos sometidos a bypass gástrico

“…Sin embargo, la cirugía bariátrica tiene el potencial de tratar la diabetes al aumentar la probabilidad de independencia de la insulina, mejorar la secreción de incretinas, recuperar la función de los islotes y restaurar la sensibilidad periférica a la insulina para regular la homeostasis de la glucosa. (Ji et al, 2021) En la presente investigación, la mayor prevalencia fue el género femenino. En este sentido, Cazorla et al (2022), en su estudio en Ecuador, encontraron valores similares con un promedio de edad de 43,58 años, y predominio del sexo femenino (60,61%).…”

Lipid Peroxidation in Obesity: Can Bariatric Surgery Help?

“…In addition to weight loss and reduction in BMI, it improves the metabolic status followed by the decrease in inflammation [ 83 ]. The effects of bariatric surgery on metabolic improvement, metabolic diseases, endocrine system and long-term survival have been described in several excellent recent papers [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ], and are therefore not discussed in this review. The consequences of bariatric surgery on the redox balance as well as a brief overview on the mental consequences are discussed below.…”