Effect of Bacillus sphaericus Neide on Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) and associated insect fauna in fish ponds in the Amazon

Effects of diflubenzuron on associated insect fauna with Anopheles(Diptera: Culicidae) in laboratory, partial-field, and field conditions in the Central Amazon

“…The average values of diversity (H') for aquatic insects found in the brick factory pits were close to those found by Ferreira et al (2015), who studied the effect of Bacillus sphaericus on Anopheles and associated insect fauna with fish farming ponds in the Central Amazon. However, the richness of aquatic insects in fish farming ponds was higher when compared to the brick factory pits.…”

“…The immature forms of Anopheles darlingi Root, 1926 which are the principal vectors of Malaria in Brazil, develop in fresh water and their population density peaks of winged forms is related to the annual rain cycle, as the availability of breeding grounds increases. Such breeding grounds are classified as natural or artificial in the Amazonian environment, and house several other insect groups, which are referred to as the associated insect fauna during mosquito control campaigns (Ferreira et al 2015, Tadei et al 2017.…”

“…Currently, biological control is usually recommended for natural breeding sites, consisting of biotic agents that act on immature insect forms to reduce the density of disease vectors (Ferreira et al 2015). In this context, the conservation of natural enemies that act as larvae predators and the entomopathogenic bacteria -Bacillus thuringiensis var.…”

“…However, some species of anophelines are adapted to develop in anthropically altered environments, such as fish ponds and clay pits, classified as artificial breeding sites (Arcos et al 2018). According to Ferreira et al (2015), the associated insect fauna present in artificial breeding sites of the fish ponds type is composed of six orders and families, among which stand out Chironomidae and Notonectidae.…”

Adaptative processes, control measures, genetic background, and resilience of malaria vectors and environmental changes in the Amazon region

“…After 15 days of Bs application, approximately 100% of aquatic insects recovered their preapplication abundance levels (Sampaio et al, 2005). A regression analysis of time intervals using the readings as independent variable against richness (jackknife order 1) (r 2 = 0.04) and Shannon diversity (H 0 ) (r 2 = 0.002) in a study carried out by Ferreira et al (2015) in fishponds indicated that these variables were not affected by the application of Bs. Thus, the results showed no effect of the larvicide on the general insects present in fishponds.…”