Effect of ausforming temperature on bainite morphology in a 3.2% Si carbide-free bainitic steel

Franceschi, Mattia; Bertolini, Rachele; Fabrizi, Alberto; Dabalà, Manuele; Pezzato, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2022.144553

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In addition, the random orientation of the sheaves suggests the multiplicity of the variants observed in the orientation map because the bainitic transformation is isotropic. [ 50 ] In fact, as proposed by the authors [ 3 ] and Eres‐Castellanos and co‐authors, the transformation in the absence of external stress is isotropic and there is no favored growth of bainitic ferrite subunits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A progressive reduction in both micro-and nanohardness, increasing the isothermal holding temperature from 250 °C to 350 °C, due to the thicker plates of bainitic ferrite, was found in agreement with refs. [3,50] (Table 6). Additionally, a higher amount of brittle hard martensite, formed during the last cooling to room temperature, caused the hardness increase of the sample austempered at 370 °C.…”

Section: Vickers Microhardness and Nanohardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) are considered very attractive materials thanks to their outstanding strength combined with high ductility. [1][2][3][4] Several authors in the literature demonstrated their capability to achieve mechanical strength higher than 1.5 GPa with elongation above 15%. [5][6][7][8] This extremely favorable combination of mechanical properties makes these steel grades new leading actors in important industrial fields such as automotive (i.e., safe and lightweight components, which allow a strong reduction in oil consumption and CO 2 emission), railways application due to their high wear resistance in comparison with standard pearlitic steels, [2,[9][10][11][12] and armor.

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High‐Silicon Carbide‐Free Bainitic Steel

Franceschi

Pezzato

Gennari

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The microstructural evolution of a novel high‐silicon carbide‐free bainitic steel at different austempering temperatures is investigated. The microstructure is evaluated by means of optical and electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, microhardness, and nanohardness. Results show a variation in the amount of stabilized retained austenite changing the temperature of the isothermal treatment. In particular, it is observed an increase in the retained austenite volume fraction increasing the temperature up to 350 °C, while further increase leads to a reduction. Moreover, increasing the isothermal holding temperature from 250 °C, through 300, 350, and 370 °C, a progressive bainite coarsening and an increase in the amount of stabilized carbon‐enriched retained austenite are observed. Tensile tests reveal an excellent combination of mechanical properties: mechanical strength in the range 1276–1988 MPa and total elongation 0.18–0.44.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Vickers Microhardness and Nanohardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High‐Silicon Carbide‐Free Bainitic Steel

Franceschi

Pezzato

Gennari

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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“…Bainite is an intermediate temperature transformation product obtained from the decomposition of supercooled austenite above the martensitic transformation temperature and below the pearlitic transformation temperature [ 30 ]. The formation mechanism of bainite is quite complex; researchers believe [ 31 ] that there is no diffusion of iron atoms in the bainitic transformation zone, and the growth of bainite is accomplished through the diffusion of carbon atoms. On the one hand, V can promote the formation of bainite and refine the microstructure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bainite is an intermediate temperature transformation product obtained from the decomposition of supercooled austenite above the martensitic transformation temperature and below the pearlitic transformation temperature [30]. The formation mechanism of bainite is quite complex; researchers believe [31] that there is no The CCT indicates that only pearlitic transformations occur in the experimental steels, with no martensitic phase transformations observed. XRD reveals the presence of solely ferritic phases in the steel, with no residual austenite detected, suggesting that the blocky structure observed may likely be bainite (B).…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of V on the Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior of High-Carbon Hardline Steel during Continuous Cooling

Zhang,

Gu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Materials

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High-carbon hardline steels are primarily used for the manufacture of tire beads for both automobiles and aircraft, and vanadium (V) microalloying is an important means of adjusting the microstructure of high-carbon hardline steels. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the microstructure and precipitation phases of continuous cooled high-carbon steels were characterized, and the vanadium content, carbon diffusion coefficient, and critical precipitation temperature were calculated. The results showed that as the V content increased to 0.06 wt.%, the interlamellar spacing (ILS) of the pearlite in the experimental steel decreased to 0.110 μm, and the carbon diffusion coefficient in the experimental steel decreased to 0.98 × 10−3 cm2·s−1. The pearlite content in the experimental steel with 0.02 wt.% V reached its maximum at a cooling rate of 5 °C·s−1, and a small amount of bainite was observed in the experimental steel at a cooling rate of 10 °C·s−1. The precipitated phase was VC with a diameter of ~24.73 nm, and the misfit between ferrite and VC was 5.02%, forming a semi-coherent interface between the two. Atoms gradually adjust their positions to allow the growth of VC along the ferrite direction. As the V content increased to 0.06 wt.%, the precipitation-temperature-time curve (PTT) shifted to the left, and the critical nucleation temperature for homogeneous nucleation, grain boundary nucleation, and dislocation line nucleation increased from 570.6, 676.9, and 692.4 °C to 634.6, 748.5, and 755.5 °C, respectively.

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Influence of Ausforming on the Micro‐ and Nanostructure of PH 13‐8 Mo Maraging Steels

Rosenauer,

Krammer,

Stadler

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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Herein, the potential of using the thermomechanical treatment ausforming to optimize the microstructure of PH 13‐8 Mo maraging steels is investigated. Of particular interest are the effects on the formation of β‐NiAl precipitates and reverted austenite during subsequent aging. Ausforming experiments at deformation temperatures of 400 and 600 °C and strains of 40% and 70% are conducted using a deformation dilatometer. Afterward, the samples are subjected to aging at temperatures varying from 482 to 593 °C. This is followed by a thorough microstructural characterization ranging from light optical microscopy to X‐Ray diffraction and atom probe tomography. The results demonstrate that ausforming effectively refines the microstructure, resulting in a significant increase in hardness. Moreover, it is revealed that the ausforming parameters have a noticeable influence on the number density of β‐NiAl precipitates and the amount of reverted austenite. A well‐balanced microstructure containing relatively fine precipitates and a high amount of reverted austenite can be achieved by ausforming at 600 °C with 40% strain. Overall, the results prove a promising potential of ausforming for PH 13‐8 Mo maraging steels with regard to tailoring optimized microstructures, which could ultimately benefit the aerospace industry where these alloys are used.

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Effect of ausforming temperature on bainite morphology in a 3.2% Si carbide-free bainitic steel

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High‐Silicon Carbide‐Free Bainitic Steel

Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High‐Silicon Carbide‐Free Bainitic Steel

Influence of V on the Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior of High-Carbon Hardline Steel during Continuous Cooling

Influence of Ausforming on the Micro‐ and Nanostructure of PH 13‐8 Mo Maraging Steels

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