Effect of aridity on δ 13 C and δD values of C 3 plant- and C 4 graminoid-derived leaf wax lipids from soils along an environmental gradient in Cameroon (Western Central Africa)

Schwab, Valérie F.; Garcin, Yannick; Sachse, Dirk; Todou, Gilbert; Séné, Olivier; Onana, Jean-Michel; Achoundong, Gaston; Gleixner, Gerd

doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.09.007

Cited by 65 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…nC16 and nC17 with melting points of 18.2 and 21°C are also present. As a measure for comparison with the n-alkanes in other broad leaved trees and tropical soils the ratio: average proportion of C14-C26/average proportion of C27-C35 can be calculated from earlier results [20,21,22,23]. In the leaves of broad leafed trees this ratio is 0.006 to 0.092 and it is 0.07 to 0.68 in tropical soils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their simplest form the alkanes consist of a long straight chain of carbon atoms with the hydrogen atoms attached along the length. The waxy, non-water soluble alkanes form in the leaves of vegetation [20,21,22] especially in the leaves of broad-leaved trees [23]. They can be found preserved in the soil as their melting points range from 59.5 to 67.9°C.…”

Section: Humic Acids In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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C14-22 n-alkanes in Soil from the Freetown Layered Intrusion, Sierra Leone: Products of Pt Catalytic Breakdown of Natural Longer Chain n-alkanes?

Bowles¹,

Bowles²,

Giże³

2018

Preprint

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:Soil above a platinum-group element (PGE)-bearing horizon within the Freetown Layered Intrusion, Sierra Leone contains anomalous concentrations of n-alkanes (CnH2n+2) in the range C14 to C22 not readily attributable to an algal or lacustrine origin. Longer chain nalkanes (C23 to C31) in the soil were derived from the breakdown of leaf litter beneath the closed canopy humid tropical forest. Spontaneous breakdown of the longer chain n-alkanes to form C14-22 n-alkanes without biogenic or abiogenic catalysts is unlikely as the n-alkanes are stable. In the Freetown soil, the catalytic properties of the PGE (Pt in particular) may lower the temperature at which oxidation of the longer chain n-alkanes can occur. Reaction between these n-alkanes and Pt species such as Pt 2+ (H2O)2(OH)2 and Pt 4+ (H2O)2(OH)4 can bend and twist the alkanes, and significantly lower the Heat of Formation. Acknowledging the possibility of microbial catalysis and the difficulty of identifying a direct organic geochemical source of the lighter n-alkanes, this paper explores the theoretical potential for abiogenic Pt species catalysis as a mechanism of breakdown of the longer n-alkanes to form C14-22 alkanes. This novel mechanism could substantiate the presence of the PGE in solution predicted by soil geochemistry and illustrate processes involving the PGE. Graphical AbstractThe anomalous proportion of C14 to C22 n-alkanes with a C31 molecule distorted by Pt 4+ (H2O)2(OH)4

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Humic Acids In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

C14-22 n-alkanes in Soil from the Freetown Layered Intrusion, Sierra Leone: Products of Pt Catalytic Breakdown of Natural Longer Chain n-alkanes?

Bowles¹,

Bowles²,

Giże³

2018

Preprint

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“…This summary includes recent studies that correspond with the established view of this subject [24][25][26][27]. alkanes form in the leaves of vegetation [20][21][22], especially in the leaves of broad-leaved trees [23]. They can be found to be preserved in the soil as their melting points range from 59.5 to 67.9 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…There is a problem in developing an overall mechanism because there is evidence of different stages in the alteration and of carbon atoms with the hydrogen atoms attached along the length. The waxy, non-water soluble alkanes form in the leaves of vegetation [20][21][22], especially in the leaves of broad-leaved trees [23]. They can be found to be preserved in the soil as their melting points range from 59.5 to 67.9 • C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples chosen for this illustration deliberately come from a wide geographic area and are from moist tropical forests. In all cases, the alkane distribution consists of the nC 27 , nC 29 , nC 31 alkanes to the virtual exclusion of lighter alkanes, especially those lighter than nC 22 . The lighter alkanes (nC 12 to nC 19 ) are indicative of derivation from algae in marine or lacustrine environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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C14–22 n-Alkanes in Soil from the Freetown Layered Intrusion, Sierra Leone: Products of Pt Catalytic Breakdown of Natural Longer Chain n-Alkanes?

Bowles

Giże³

2018

Minerals

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Abstract:Soil above a platinum-group element (PGE)-bearing horizon within the Freetown Layered Intrusion, Sierra Leone, contains anomalous concentrations of n-alkanes (C n H 2n+2 ) in the range C 14 to C 22 not readily attributable to an algal or lacustrine origin. Longer chain n-alkanes (C 23 to C 31 ) in the soil were derived from the breakdown of leaf litter beneath the closed canopy humid tropical forest. Spontaneous breakdown of the longer chain n-alkanes to form C 14-22 n-alkanes without biogenic or abiogenic catalysts is unlikely as the n-alkanes are stable. In the Freetown soil, the catalytic properties of the PGE (Pt in particular) may lower the temperature at which oxidation of the longer chain n-alkanes can occur. Reaction between these n-alkanes and Pt species, such as Pt 2+ (H 2 O) 2 (OH) 2 and Pt 4+ (H 2 O) 2 (OH) 4 can bend and twist the alkanes, and significantly lower the Heat of Formation. Microbial catalysis is a possibility. Since a direct organic geochemical source of the lighter n-alkanes has not yet been identified, this paper explores the theoretical potential for abiogenic Pt species catalysis as a mechanism of breakdown of the longer n-alkanes to form C 14-22 alkanes. This novel mechanism could offer additional evidence for the presence of the PGE in solution, as predicted by soil geochemistry.

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Will the climate of plant origins influence the chemical profiles of cuticular waxes on leaves of Leymus chinensis in a common garden experiment?

Hou

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Cuticular wax covering the leaf surface plays important roles in protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding the way in which plant leaf cuticles reflect their growing environment could give an insight into plant resilience to future climate change. Here, we analyzed the variations of cuticular waxes among 59 populations of Leymus chinensis in a common garden experiment, aiming to verify how environmental conditions influence the chemical profiles of cuticular waxes. In total, eight cuticular wax classes were identified, including fatty acids, aldehydes, primary alcohols, alkanes, secondary alcohols, ketones, β-diketones, and alkylresorcinols, with β-diketones the predominant compounds in all populations (averaged 67.36% across all populations). Great intraspecific trait variations (ITV) were observed for total wax coverage, wax compositions, and the relative abundance of homologues within each wax class. Cluster analysis based on wax characteristics could separate 59 populations into different clades. However, the populations could not be separated according to their original longitudes, latitudes, annual temperature, or annual precipitation. Redundancy analysis showed that latitude, arid index, and the precipitation from June to August were the most important parameters contributing to the variations of the amount of total wax coverage and wax composition and the relative abundance of wax classes. Pearson's correlation analysis further indicated that the relative abundance of wax classes, homologues in each wax class, and even isomers of certain compound differed in their responses to environmental factors. These results suggested that wax deposition patterns of L. chinensis populations formed during adaptations to their long-term growing environments could inherit in their progenies and exhibit such inheritance even these progenies were exported to new environments. K E Y W O R D S adaptation, common garden experiment, intraspecific trait variation, leaf wax, Leymus chinensis

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Effect of aridity on δ 13 C and δD values of C 3 plant- and C 4 graminoid-derived leaf wax lipids from soils along an environmental gradient in Cameroon (Western Central Africa)

Cited by 65 publications

References 60 publications

<strong>C<sub>14</sub>-<sub>22</sub> n-alkanes in Soil from the Freetown Layered Intrusion, Sierra Leone: Products of Pt Catalytic Breakdown of Natural Longer Chain n-alkanes?</strong>

<strong>C<sub>14</sub>-<sub>22</sub> n-alkanes in Soil from the Freetown Layered Intrusion, Sierra Leone: Products of Pt Catalytic Breakdown of Natural Longer Chain n-alkanes?</strong>

C14–22 n-Alkanes in Soil from the Freetown Layered Intrusion, Sierra Leone: Products of Pt Catalytic Breakdown of Natural Longer Chain n-Alkanes?

Will the climate of plant origins influence the chemical profiles of cuticular waxes on leaves of Leymus chinensis in a common garden experiment?

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