Effect of Application of Rice Straw and Cellulose on Methane Emission and Biological Nitrogen Fixation in a Subtropical Paddy Field

Oyediran, G. O.; Adachi, Katsuki; Senboku, Toshihiro

doi:10.1080/00380768.1996.10416617

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A detailed description of the sampling site and samples for strains isolation has been published in the previous reports [23,25].…”

Section: Source For Enrichments and Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of methanotrophic bacteria isolated from a subtropical paddy field

Dianou

1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Isolation and characterization of methane-oxidizing bacteria from a subtropical paddy field of Ishigaki, Japan, were performed. Two strains, namely R16 and R18, of Methylosinus-like organisms were isolated from methane enrichment cultures of rice rhizosphere. The isolates were motile, and stained Gram-negative. Cells of strains R16 and R18 were short rods, while slightly curved cells and coccobacillus-like cells were also observed for strains R16 and R18, respectively. Strain R16 was slightly smaller in size than R18. The organisms had an optimal pH range of 6.3^6.8 and a temperature optimum of 29^30³C. Methane and methanol were used as sole carbon and energy sources. Nitrate and ammonium sulfate could serve as nitrogen sources. The acetylene reduction method showed that the strains were able to fix nitrogen. On the basis of morphological and physiological properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the organisms were identified as genus Methylosinus. Strain R16 shows the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity of 95.5% with Methylosinus trichosporium, whereas R18 shows the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Methylosinus sporium (95.6%). z 1999 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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“…A detailed description of the sampling site and samples for strains isolation has been published in the previous reports [23,25].…”

Section: Source For Enrichments and Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of methanotrophic bacteria isolated from a subtropical paddy field

Dianou

1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…Oyediran et al 43) and Espiritu et al 20) found in subtropical paddy field experiments that (1) straw application at 10 t ha -1 to the subtropical paddy field increased seasonal CH4 emission 10-fold over the values of the control (Fig. 2), and (2) straw application at 10 t ha -1 had no effect on the methanotrophic population in the rice rhizosphere (Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Rice Cultivars On Ch 4 Emission From the Paddy Fiementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of straw and cellulose at 10 t ha -1 to the paddy field increased CH 4 emission 10-and 21-fold over the values of the control, respectively, as estimated by seasonal emissions (Fig. 2) 43) .…”

Section: Effect Of Organic Matter Application On Ch 4 Emission In a Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The author refers to the subtropical field experiment with rice straw and cellulose application at 4 and 10 t per ha 2,20,43) , as an example of organic matter application in a subtropical paddy field. Five treatments [i.e., control (T1), application of rice straw at 4 t ha -1 (T2), rice straw at 10 t ha -1 (T3), cellulose at 4 t ha -1 (T4), cellulose at 10 t ha -1 (T5)] were set up using the rice cultivar Chiyonishiki 2,20,43) . In this field experiment, the incubation period after incorporation of straw and cellulose until transplanting was set at more than 3 months under flooded conditions.…”

Section: Effect Of Organic Matter Application On Ch 4 Emission In a Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methanogenic Archaea and Methanotrophic Bacteria in a Subtropical Paddy Field and Their Interaction: Controlling Methane Emissions from Paddy Fields.

Adachi

2001

Microb. Environ.

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In flooded rice fields, methanogenic archaea produce CH 4 , while methanotrophic bacteria oxidize a part of the produced CH 4 . Thus, the latter bacteria are considered as suitable organisms for controlling CH 4 emission from paddy fields. In this paper, the author demonstrates a case of organic matter application, enumeration and isolation of methanogenic archaea and methanotrophic bacteria in a subtropical paddy field. The rice rhizosphere is one of the typical areas where anaerobic and aerobic environments interface, methanogens produce CH 4 and methanotrophs utilize it for energy. Although how they interact in the anaerobic and aerobic interfaces is an attractive research area, it has not yet been fully elucidated, because a two-member co-culture of methanogen and methanotroph is not well developed. Co-culture of a strictly anaerobic methanogenic archaeon and an obligately aerobic methanotrophic bacterium using sterilized paddy soil was carried out. The rice root system affects CH 4 production and oxidation in the rice rhizosphere, and its influence varies with different rice cultivars. Rice cultivars with few unproductive tillers, a small root system, high root oxidative activity, and high harvest index are ideal for mitigating CH 4 emission in paddy fields.Key words: methane emission, methanogenic archaeon, methanotrophic bacterium, rice cultivar, subtropical paddy field Methane is one of the significant greenhouse gases related to global warming, and its concentration in the global atmosphere is increasing at a rate of approximately 1% per year 11,35) . In lowland rice cultivation, rice plants grow under flooded conditions and CH 4 is emitted from the fields. Controlling CH4 emission from the paddy fields contributes to the mitigation of global warming. Figure 1 57) shows a sketch of a flooded rice field in relation to CH 4 production, oxidation, and emission, along with CH4 diffusion, ebullition, and leaching from the paddy soil. Rice plants play the key role in CH 4 emission from paddy fields: (1) they supply root exudate and detritus which are substrates for CH4 production 56) ; (2) the rice aerenchyma system is a major pathway of CH 4 from paddy soil to atmosphere 13,42,46) ; (3) the aerenchyma system is also a pathway of O 2 supply to the rice rhizosphere by downward transportation, thus rice plants support CH4 oxidation in the rhizosphere; and (4) the rice rhizosphere itself is an important niche for methanotrophic bacteria which oxidize CH 4 to CO 2 56,63) . Methanogenic archaea (methanogens) are strictly anaerobic microbes belonging to the Archaea domain, and play an important role in anoxic environments by performing the last step of the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter: mineralization into CH 4 and CO 2 27) . Information on the genera and species of methanogenic archaea occurring in flooded paddy soils is gradually accumulating, but it is still limited. On the other hand, methanotrophic bacteria are obligately aerobic respiratory bacteria that can utilize CH 4 as their sole carbon and e...

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“…The characteristics of the soil (paddy field soil) used in this experiment have been described 1,28) . The 110-ml tubes with 30 g of 1mm-sieved soil were sterilized twice at 121°C for 1 h with a 24 h interval to eliminate the indigenous microflora.…”

Section: Co-culture Of a Methanogen And Methanotroph On Sterilized Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Culture of a Methanogenic Archaeon and a Methanotrophic Bacterium on Sterilized Soil in Large Test Tubes: Design for Soil-Mediated Co-Culture.

Dianou

Adachi

2001

Microb. Environ.

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In a design utilizing a sterilized soil-mediated co-culture of methanogenic archaeon and methanotrophic bacterium, the activities of both the methanogen and methanotroph were examined. It was confirmed that CH4 was produced by the methanogen after methanotrophic inoculation and suggested that this CH4 was oxidized by the methanotroph as the concentration of O2 increased, although emission of CH4 itself was indirect proof of CH4-oxidizing activity. On the other hand, in the control treatment, methanogenic inoculation without methanotrophic inoculation at different levels of O2, CH4 was not emitted (there was no activity to produce CH4). These results suggest a symbiotic relation in this co-culture system, because the methanogen provided CH4 to the methanotroph, while inoculation of the methanotroph was necessary for subsequent production of CH4 by the methanogen. The development of co-culture systems is essential for understanding the close relationship and interaction between methanogens and the methanotrophs in natural and agricultural environments.Key words: co-culture, methanogenic archaeon, methanotrophic bacterium, paddy soil Methane is an important warming gas whose atmospheric concentration has been increasing for decades 9,21,34) . Methane emission is the net effect of CH4 production (methanogenesis) and oxidation (methanotrophy). Methanotrophic bacteria (methanotrophs) are obligately aerobic respiratory bacteria that utilize methane as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth 8,17,29) and hence, are considered important regulators of atmospheric methane fluxes in nature 10,23) . Methanotrophs have been isolated from a variety of environments including freshwater lakes, wetlands, and the open ocean 8,[17][18][19]23,27,30,35) . In contrast, methanogenic archaea (methanogens) are strictly anaerobic archaea commonly isolated from natural anaerobic environments, including freshwater and marine sediments, wet and waterlogged soils, the rumen of animals, and the gut of insects 7,15,22) . Methanogens produce methane and provide it to methanotrophs, which utilize it as a source of energy. Consequently, there is considerable interest in the interaction between methanogens and methanotrophs with respect to CH 4 production and oxidation in the interfaces of anaerobic and aerobic environments. Gerritse and Gottschal 16) established two-membered mixed cultures of a methanogenic archaeon and an aerobic bacterium in O2-limited conditions but mentioned that growth of Methanobacterium formicicum was markedly inhibited in the co-culture with Methylocystis species. Shen et al. 32) reported methanotroph and methanogen coupling in a granular biofilm under O 2 -limited conditions, although the coupling system included other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Hence the two-membered co-culture of a methanogen and a methanotroph is not well developed yet, although the two organisms are thought to interact closely with each oth-

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Effect of Application of Rice Straw and Cellulose on Methane Emission and Biological Nitrogen Fixation in a Subtropical Paddy Field

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Characterization of methanotrophic bacteria isolated from a subtropical paddy field

Characterization of methanotrophic bacteria isolated from a subtropical paddy field

Methanogenic Archaea and Methanotrophic Bacteria in a Subtropical Paddy Field and Their Interaction: Controlling Methane Emissions from Paddy Fields.

Co-Culture of a Methanogenic Archaeon and a Methanotrophic Bacterium on Sterilized Soil in Large Test Tubes: Design for Soil-Mediated Co-Culture.

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