Effect of Application of Nitrogen and Different Nitrogen–Sulfur Ratios on the Quality and Quantity of Mustard Seed

Abstract

A greenhouse experiment was conducted on a calcareous chernozem soil to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilization and their ratios on the yield and quality of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Four levels of N [0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g pot 21 N as ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) and ammonium phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 )] in combination with three levels of applied N-S ratios [8, 4, 2; S as potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4 ) and sodium sulphate (Na 2 SO 4 )] were tested as treatments.Results indicated that a significant response to seed yield was observed for N and S application. Maximum yield, 24.8 g pot 21 , was found when full doses of N and S were applied. Increasing N supply from 0.5 g pot 21 to 1 g pot 21 had little increasing effect in the oil content of the seed. Higher application of N doses (.1 g pot 21 ) decreased these values significantly. The maximum oil content (28%) was achieved with the 1 g N pot 21 treatment; the lowest values were observed in the pots applied with the highest N doses.Changes in the N content of the seed and straw showed a statistically significant increase with increasing N and S fertilization. Highest values in the seed and straw (5.96% and 0.87%, respectively) were observed by applying highest N and S doses. Seed and straw S levels were also observed to increase with increasing N rates and decreasing N-S ratio. 453Nitrogen doses significantly improved the quantities of essential amino acids with the exception of threonine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and methionine. The amounts of these amino acids decreased with increasing N supply. When the N-S ratio decreased by increasing S, the quantities of valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, and cysteine increased significantly and the amount of tyrosine decreased.The quantities of nonessential amino acids with the exception of proline, histidine, and glycine increased with increasing N doses. In contrast, N rates decreased the amount of glycine. Decreasing the N-S ratio lowered the proline and arginine contents. The total amounts of essential amino acids slightly increased with increasing N rates and decreasing N-S ratio.

Crambe: Seed Yield and Quality in Response to Nitrogen and Sulfur—A Case Study in Northeastern Poland

“…When N was applied at 30 kg ha −1 , S fertilization caused a 1.7-to 2.1-fold decrease in NFUE. Similar trends were reported in other studies, where NFUE increased in response to S fertilization, particularly at higher N rates, in the production of C. sativa [68,[102][103][104], B. juncea and B. rapa [86], and S. alba [105].…”

“…In most Brassica crops, N fertilization decreases the crude fat content and increases the total protein content of seeds. This trend was reported in B. napus [72] and other Brassica crops, including C. sativa [68,102,103,110], B. juncea [109], and S. alba [105]. Similar observations were made in this study, where N fertilization affected the qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids in C. abyssinica seeds.…”

“…Regardless of genetic factors that affect nutrient synthesis in the seeds of Brassica crops, nutrient levels can be modified by climatic and soil conditions, and agronomic management [81]. In the group of agronomic factors, N [68,72,102,103,105,109,110] and S fertilization [68,81,111,112] play a key role in the biosynthesis of major nutrients and bioactive components in the seeds of oilseed crops of the family Brassicaceae.…”

A Multi-Criteria Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization in Different Cultivars of Winter Rapeseed—Productivity, Economic and Energy Balance

“…The combined application of N and S produced similar effects in other Brassica crops, including camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) [48][49][50], brown mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) [51,52], white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) [53,54] and turnip rape (Brassica campestris L.) [41,51].…”

CRITICAL DOSE OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOR THE ENHANCED GROWTH, YIELD, AND QUALITY COMPONENTS IN MUSTARD (Sinapsis arvensis L.) IN A SEMI ARID ENVIRONMENT

“…Therefore, the increased doses of nitrogen accelerate the protein formation and hence the growth. Kovács et al (2009) asserted that the protein content of the seeds with high content of nitrogen increased due to the fact that the N content of vegetative components could be transported to the reproductive organs.…”