Effect of apigenin on surface-associated characteristics and adherence of <i>Streptococcus mutans </i>

Abstract

Apigenin is a type of flavonols that exhibits anti-caries properties. Bacterial adherence is the initial step in the forming of a stable biofilm that leads to caries. Bacterial adherence is affected by surface characteristics, including hydrophobicity and bacterial aggregation. However, the effect of apigenin on surface characteristics of cariogenic bacteria has not been reported. We aimed to examine the effects of apigenin on adherence and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans UA159. Hydrophobicity and bacterial aggregation, pac and gbpC gene expressions, and cytotoxicity on human dental pulp cells were also determined. Apigenin significantly inhibited the adherence and biofilm formation of S. mutans. Hydrophobicity decreased, whereas the aggregation rate was significantly increased compared with the control. Apigenin significantly suppressed pac and gbpC gene expressions. Apigenin exhibited acceptable biocompatibility on hDPCs. Thus, apigeinin may affect adherence and biofilm formation by altering the surface properties of S. mutans without obvious adverse effect on hDPCs.

Extracts of Selected South African Medicinal Plants Mitigate Virulence Factors in Multidrug‐Resistant Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae

“…Apigenin, also present in L. javanica, could be implicated in the antibioflm activity observed. Tis can be supported by the fndings of Liu et al [68], where apigenin was shown to reduce the initial adherence and bioflms formed by Streptococcus mutans.…”

The Effect of Red Ginger Essential Oil on Adherence of Streptococcus mutans

“…[22][23][24]30 The karyogenic potential of Streptococcus mutans is attributed to its ability to form biofilms on tooth surfaces. 10,11,28,[33][34][35] The prevalence of dental caries in the population in developing countries is currently still high, so research is needed related to efforts to prevent dental caries. Currently, the therapy used in the prevention of dental caries is to use fluoride both systemically and topically.…”

“…Processes of bacterial colonization on tooth surfaces, known as biofilm formation, begin with the process of bacterial adherence. 10,16,28,34 The adherence of Streptococcus mutans bacteria works through the enzyme glucosyltransferase, which converts sucrose into glucan. 1,12,15,28 These glucans play a role in bacterial adherence, which will then form biofilms, which can increase the adherence of Streptococcus mutans to the tooth surface.…”

“…These bacteria produce acids to lower the pH of the host or its surroundings. [8][9][10][11] A biofilm is a collection of microbes attached to the surface of a tooth and encased in a polysaccharide matrix. Bacterial biofilms consist of bacterial enzymes such as GTF, FTF polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, bacterially secreted compounds, salivary components (including salivary enzymes and food debris), and other host constituents.…”

Phytochemicals, Biological Activities, Molecular Mechanisms, and Future Prospects of Plantago asiatica L.

“…Apigenin ( 1 ) and luteolin ( 2 ) are effective bactericides, respectively, against Streptococcus mutans and S. aureus by suppressing the adherence and biofilm formation through remodeling of their surface features. , Moreover, luteolin ( 2 ) injures the cell membrane integrity of biofilm bacteria since it breaks membrane cells and cell morphology . Acteoside ( 27 ) also can kill S. aureus through target serine/threonine phosphatase Stp1 …”