Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with red led and methylene blue on the reduction of halitosis: controlled microbiological clinical trial

Mota, Ana Carolina Costa da; Gonçalves, Marcela Letícia Leal; Horliana, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini; Deana, Alessandro Melo; Cavalcante, Lisyanne Araújo de Souza; Gomes, Andréa Oliver; Mayer, Márcia Pinto Alves; Suguimoto, Ellen Sayuri Ando; Fernandes, Kristianne Porta Santos; Mesquita‐Ferrari, Raquel Agnelli; Prates, Renato Araújo; Motta, Lara Jansiski; Bussadori, Sandra Kalil

doi:10.1007/s10103-021-03325-x

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Fourteen studies were analysed in full text and one was excluded due to wrong study design [34]. Thus, six randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (reported in 13 references) [18,20,24,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] were included in this systematic review (Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study [41] presented a high risk of bias for allocation concealment because of the use of a non sealed envelopes to maintain the concealment of the random sequence. One study [44] did not provide information on both selection domains and was considered as having an unclear risk of selection bias. Regarding performance bias, two studies [42,43] assessed outcomes that could be compromised by the lack of participant blinding, occurring given the nature of the interventions including different procedures.…”

Section: Methodological Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodological Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study [42] had the clinical trial register not found and was considered with an unclear risk of reporting bias. Ultimately, one study [44] did not present the baseline characteristics of the participants and was classified as high risk of bias for the other sources of bias domain. Five RCTs assessed the reduction in halitosis, which was determined by the measurement of H 2 S using the OralChromaTM device [24,36,41,43,44].…”

Section: Methodological Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Motta

Campos

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Background: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of aPDT for the treatment of halitosis. Methods: Search strategies were conducted in October 2021 without language or data restrictions, on the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, LILACS and BBO, as well as a manual search. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with parallel design were considered for inclusion, assessing individuals (adolescents and adults) with a clinical diagnosis of halitosis treated with photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Primary outcomes assessed were halitosis measurements, adverse events and quality of life. The risk of bias for each included study was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the certainty of the body of the evidence was assessed with the GRADe approach. Results: Six RCTs (total of 225 participants) were included and due to clinical diversities it was not possible to group the outcome data in meta-analyses. Based on very low-certainty evidence (GRADE) the results showed that, when compared to tongue scraper, aPDT seems to promote a little to no difference in reducing halitosis and in the microbiological analysis. No adverse events were reported. Considering aPDT combined with tongue scraper, better outcome results were observed when compared to tongue scraper alone. Conclusions: Based on very low-certainty evidence, the findings of this review are uncertain about the effects of aPDT for halitosis control. Further RCTs with higher number of participants and long term assessments need to be conducted to support the use of this intervention. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (number: CRD42020215319) on 19 November 2020—retrospectively registered.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodological Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodological Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodological Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Motta

Campos

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…In a study using methylene blue and a 660 nm diode laser with six points on the tongue and six points on the prosthesis, it was found that the effect of photodynamic therapy on hydrogen sulfide levels was significant up to 30 days of observation; there was also a significant reduction in Porphyromonas gingivalis , but this did not last as long [ 29 ]. In another study, a red LED diode was used, thanks to which the number of irradiated points was reduced to four, and the PDT was immediately effective in reducing the emission of hydrogen sulfide from the oral cavity to a level consistent with the absence of halitosis, but the effect did not last after 7, 14, and 30 days of observation, nor did it cause a reduction in the numbers of Porphyromonas gingivalis , Treponema denticola , and Tannerella forsythia [ 30 ]. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using a blue LED in combination with Bixa orellana extract has also been tested, and appears to be effective in reducing halitosis immediately; however, similarly to the above-mentioned studies, this effect was not maintained in the seven-day control [ 31 ].…”

Section: Treatment Of Halitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Problem of Halitosis in Prosthetic Dentistry, and New Approaches to Its Treatment: A Literature Review

Wyszyńska

Nitsze-Wierzba

Białożyt-Bujak

et al. 2021

JCM

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The aim of this work is a review of recent information about halitosis among patients using prosthetic dentures. Halitosis is a condition in which an unpleasant smell comes out of the oral cavity, which is caused mainly by volatile sulfur and non-sulfured compounds. The etiology of halitosis may be intra- or extra-oral; in most patients, however, it is due to the activity of microorganisms in the oral cavity. The problem of the occurrence of halitosis has accompanied patients for many years. In dental prosthetics, the problem of halitosis occurs in patients using removable or fixed dentures. In both cases, new niches for the development of microorganisms may be created, including those related to halitosis. It should be noted that dentures—both fixed and removable—are a foreign body placed in the patient’s oral cavity which, in case of insufficient hygiene, may constitute a reservoir of microorganisms, causing this unpleasant condition. Conventional treatment of intraoral halitosis reduces microbial activity via chemical and/or mechanical action. Currently, the search for new strategies in the treatment of halitosis is in progress. One idea is to use photodynamic therapy, while another is to modify poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with silver and graphene nanoparticles. Additionally, attempts have been made to combine those two methods. Another unconventional method of treating halitosis is the use of probiotics.

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Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy on halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with red led and methylene blue on the reduction of halitosis: controlled microbiological clinical trial

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

The Problem of Halitosis in Prosthetic Dentistry, and New Approaches to Its Treatment: A Literature Review

Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy on halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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