Effect of Antilymphocytic Antibody and Antibody Fragments on Human Lymphocytes in vitro

Woodruff, M. F. A.; Reid, B. L.; James, Keith

doi:10.1038/215591a0

Cited by 89 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In such commonly accepted examples of this type of response as experimental allergic neuritis in the rat (16) and allograft rejection in the mouse (20) the lymphocytes have also been shown to traverse the wall of the venule by passing through the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells. Furthermore, the blast cells seen in the lymphocyte-rich accumulations of the rheumatoid synovium had an ultrastructure which was similar to that described in lymph nodes during the development of contact sensitivity (1 1, 12), following antigenic stimulation (21) and following homografting (22); also following culture with phytohemagglutinin (23) and exposure to antilymphocyte serum (23,24). Finally, most of the blastoid cells observed in the lymphocyte-rich accumulations have been devoid of endoplasmic reticulum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Electron Microscopic Studies of Lymphoid Cells in the Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane

Kobayashi

Ziff

1973

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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The sublining layer of the rheumatoid synovium has been examined in the electron microscope. In this layer lymphocytes appeared to leave the blood by passing through the endothelial cytoplasm of venules and veins to form dense perivascular accumulations rich in either lymphocytes, plasma cells or both. Undifferentiated blast cells and plasmablasts were also observed in these collections. The finding of predominantly lymphocytic accumulations around some vessels and predominantly plasma-cellrich accumulations in a similar distribution around others suggested that most of the lymphocytes were plasma cell precursors or B lymphocytes.The sublining and deeper layers of the rheumatoid synovial membrane contain large numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells. These are distributed either diffusely or in nodular aggregates which are frequently located around small blood vessels (1). The origin of these cells and their role in the synovial immune response (2) have not been delineated. This communication describes the emigration of lymphocytes from the blood vessels of the rheumatoid synovium, their distribution in the synovial tissue and their ultrastructural characteristics. In addition, an attempt has been made to relate the cell types observed, i.e., lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, plasmablasts and plasma cells, to the under- lying mechanism of the rheumatoid synovial inflammatory reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODSFifteen rheumatoid synovial membranes were obtained at synovectomy. All were from patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid factor tests were positive in all cases. In the examination of individual synovial membranes blocks which did not show active infiltration were discarded. For electron microscopic examination, small pieces (2 cu mm) of tissue were fixed in 6% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.05 M cacodylate, p H 7.3, for I hour. The pieces were washed several times in cacodylate buffer and postfixed with Palade's osmium tetroxide fixative (3) for 1 hour. The tissue was then dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, embedded in either Epon-Araldite resin mixture (4) or Araldite alone and sectioned on an LKB microtome. Sections were doubly stained with saturated aqueous uranyl acetate solution and lead citrate (5). Grids were examined with an RCA EMU-3 electron microscope. Thick sections were also stained with toluidine blue and observed in the light microscope. RESULTS Light Microscopic FindingsAbundant veins, venules and capillaries were seen in the sublining and deeper portions of the synovial membrane. Aggregations of lymphocytes were frequently observed in close relation-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Electron Microscopic Studies of Lymphoid Cells in the Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane

Kobayashi

Ziff

1973

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…It has since been osbserved that heterologous anti-immunoglobulin antisera can induce blastogenesis of lymphocytes of a number of other animal species--guinea pigs (31), chickens (32), mice (33), and man (34)(35)(36). It has also been demonstrated that antilymphocyte serum (ALS) can induce blastogenesis of human (37)(38)(39)(40) rabbit (41), and guinea pig (31) lymphocytes. Since the blastogenic activity of the antiimmunoglobulin antiserum can be suppressed after absorption of the antiserum with IgG (42) whereas the blastogenic activity of the ALS is not diminished after absorption with serum proteins (31) but can be depressed after absorption with lymph node cells (31), it may be concluded that the site on the surface of the lymphocyte to which the blastogenic factor in the ALS is directed is not an immunoglobulin related antigenlcally to the circulating immunoglobulins but is rather a membrane component.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cells Involved in the Immune Response

Daguillard

Richter

1969

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Cells of the different lymphoid organs in the normal adult rabbit were investigated for their capacity to respond in vitro to a number of stimuli, such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA), anti-rabbit immunoglobulin antiserum (GARIG) and allogeneic and xenogeneic lymphoid cells, and for their capacity to adsorb radioactively-labeled anti-immunoglobulin antiserum. The bone marrow cells responded minimally to PHA, GARIG, and the allogeneic and xenogeneic stimuli. The thymus cells were unable to respond to stimulation with GARIG although they responded to the other stimuli. The cells of the other lymphoid organs tested responded to all the mitogenic agents, to varying degrees. On the basis of the results presented and the findings of other investigators, it is concluded that: 1. The response of the cells to GARIG indicates a potential capacity to mediate humoral immunity and requires the presence of immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin-like recognition sites on the cell surface. 2. The response of the cells to PHA and allogeneic and xenogeneic cells indicates a potential capacity to mediate cellular immunity and does not necessitate the presence of immunoglobulin-recognition sites on the cell surface. 3. The thymus in the normal adult rabbit consists of cells capable of mediating cellular immunity only. 4. The other lymphoid organs appear to possess cells capable of mediating humoral and cellular immunity.

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“…There is evidence that the stimulation of lymphocytes both by multivalent antigens and by divalent antibodies requires cross-linkage or multipoint attachment to cell surface receptors (1)(2)(3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concanavalin A Derivatives with Altered Biological Activities

Gunther

Wang

Yahara

et al. 1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

377

203

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Chemical derivatization of tetrameric concanavalin A (Con A) with succinic anhydride or acetic anhydride converts the protein to a dimeric molecule without altering its carbohydrate-binding specificity. At low concentrations, the dose-response curves for the mitogenic stimulation of mouse spleen cells by native Con A and succinyl-Con A are similar. Above lectin concentrations of 10 ug/ml, however, the response to Con A is diminished, while that for succinyl-Con A does not decrease until much higher doses are reached. We have attributed this difference mainly to the higher rate of cell death induced by the native Con A molecule. Con A also shows a greater capacity than succinyl-Con A to agglutinate sheep erythrocytes and to inhibit cap formation by immunoglobulin receptors on spleen cells. Moreover, at low concentrations, Con A induced its glycoprotein receptors to form caps, but succinyl-Con A did not induce cap formation. Addition of antibodies directed against Con A to succinyl-Con A bound on cells restored the properties of agglutination, inhibition of immunoglobulin receptor cap formation, and induction of cap formation by Con. A receptors. Similar results have been obtained for acetylCon A. These data suggest that the altered biological activities of succinyl-Con A and acetyl-Con A are attributable to their reduced valence.

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Effect of Antilymphocytic Antibody and Antibody Fragments on Human Lymphocytes in vitro

Cited by 89 publications

References 4 publications

Electron Microscopic Studies of Lymphoid Cells in the Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane

Electron Microscopic Studies of Lymphoid Cells in the Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane

Cells Involved in the Immune Response

Concanavalin A Derivatives with Altered Biological Activities

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