Effect of Amoxicillin Use on Oral Microbiota in Young Children

Ready, Derren; Lancaster, Holli; Qureshi, Fizza; Bedi, Raman; Mullany, Peter; Wilson, Michael

doi:10.1128/aac.48.8.2883-2887.2004

Cited by 60 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown a correlation between antibiotic use and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant oral bacteria [1][2][3][4][5]. However, other factors have the potential to promote the spread and emergence of antibiotic resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of amalgam exposure on mercury- and antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Ready¹,

Pratten²,

Mordan³

et al. 2007

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of amalgam exposure on mercury- and antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Ready¹,

Pratten²,

Mordan³

et al. 2007

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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“…3 Children receive a lot of primary healthcare services and, as such, receive a disproportionately high number of antibiotics compared with middle aged populations. 4 Children are also key drivers of infection within communities and can contribute to the spread of bacteria from person to person. Despite this, little research has been published describing the prevalence of bacterial…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in paediatric urinary tract infections caused byEscherichia coliand association with routine use of antibiotics in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis

Bryce

Hay

Lane

et al. 2016

BMJ

370

256

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ObjeCtivesTo systematically review studies investigating the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli in children and, when appropriate, to meta-analyse the relation between previous antibiotics prescribed in primary care and resistance. Design anD Data analysisSystematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled percentage prevalence of resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics in children in primary care, stratified by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) status of the study country. Random effects meta-analysis was used to quantify the association between previous exposure to antibiotics in primary care and resistance. Data sOurCesObservational and experimental studies identified through Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases, searched for articles published up to October 2015.eligibility Criteria fOr seleCting stuDies Studies were eligible if they investigated and reported resistance in community acquired urinary tract infection in children and young people aged 0-17. Electronic searches with MeSH terms and text words identified 3115 papers. Two independent reviewers assessed study quality and performed data extraction. results 58 observational studies investigated 77 783 E coli isolates in urine. In studies from OECD countries, the pooled prevalence of resistance was 53.4% (95% confidence interval 46.0% to 60.8%) for ampicillin, 23.6% (13.9% to 32.3%) for trimethoprim, 8.2% (7.9% to 9.6%) for co-amoxiclav, and 2.1% (0.8 to 4.4%) for ciprofloxacin; nitrofurantoin was the lowest at 1.3% (0.8% to 1.7%). Resistance in studies in countries outside the OECD was significantly higher: 79.8% (73.0% to 87.7%) for ampicillin, 60.3% (40.9% to 79.0%) for co-amoxiclav, 26.8% (11.1% to 43.0%) for ciprofloxacin, and 17.0% (9.8% to 24.2%) for nitrofurantoin. There was evidence that bacterial isolates from the urinary tract from individual children who had received previous prescriptions for antibiotics in primary care were more likely to be resistant to antibiotics, and this increased risk could persist for up to six months (odds ratio 13.23, 95% confidence interval 7.84 to 22.31). COnClusiOnsPrevalence of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics in primary care in children with urinary tract infections caused by E coli is high, particularly in countries outside the OECD, where one possible explanation is the availability of antibiotics over the counter. This could render some antibiotics ineffective as first line treatments for urinary tract infection. Routine use of antibiotics in primary care contributes to antimicrobial resistance in children, which can persist for up to six months after treatment.

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“…38,39 Unfortunately, there is a tendency among veterinarians to use antibiotics as part of the management of any animal with periodontal disease or other oral condition. Resistance of plaque bacteria to antibiotics has clearly been demonstrated in humans, [40][41][42][43] and a similar pattern of bacterial resistance development may be present in cats and dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of Subgingival Bacteria in the Dog and Susceptibility to Commonly Used Antibiotics

2006

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The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the subgingival aerobic and anaerobic flora of 13 dogs with periodontal disease and the susceptibility of these bacteria to antibiotics currently approved in Italy for treatment of canine infections. Of the anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides fragilis was most frequently isolated, followed by Peptostreptococcus + Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Of the aerobic bacteria, alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus was most frequently isolated, often associated with Escherichia coli or Pasteurella multocida. Resistance of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria to various antibiotics was generally high. Anaerobic bacteria appeared to be susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, doxycycline, and erythromycin; aerobic bacteria appeared to be susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, erythromycin, gentamycin, and sulfa-trimethoprim. Bacteroides fragilis was resistant to all of the antibiotics tested. The emerging worldwide problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics resulting from overuse and misuse of antibiotics is discussed.

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Effect of Amoxicillin Use on Oral Microbiota in Young Children

Cited by 60 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of amalgam exposure on mercury- and antibiotic-resistant bacteria

The effect of amalgam exposure on mercury- and antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in paediatric urinary tract infections caused byEscherichia coliand association with routine use of antibiotics in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis

Evaluation of Subgingival Bacteria in the Dog and Susceptibility to Commonly Used Antibiotics

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