Effect of ammonium and nitrate application on the NO and N2O emission out of different soils

Abstract

The effect of nitrate and ammonium application (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg N kg -1 soil) was studied in an incubation experiment. Four Belgian soils, selected for different soil characteristics, were used. The application of both nitrate and ammonium caused an increase of the NO and N20 emission. The NO production from nitrate and ammonium was found to be of the same order of magnitude. At low pH the NO production was found to be highest from nitrate, at higher pH values the production was found to be higher from ammonium. This seems to be the result of the negative effect of low pH on nitrification.The ANOVA analysis was carried out to separate the effect of the form of nitrogen, quantity of N applied and soil characteristics. The total production of NO was found to depend for 97% on the soil characteristics and for 3% on the quantity of N added. The total N20 production depended for 100% on the soil characteristics.Stepwise regression analysis showed that the total NO production was best predicted by a combination of the factors CaCO3 content and NH + concentration in the soil. Total N20 production was best described by a combination of CaCO3, water soluble carbon (WSC) and sand-content.The N20/NO ratio was found to be highly variable, indicating that their productions react differently to changes in conditions, or are partly independent.It may be concluded that to NO and N20 from soils both nitrification and denitrification may be equally important, their relative importance depending on local conditions such as substrate availability, water content of the soil etc. However, the NO production seems to be more nitrification dependent than the N20 production.

Controls over N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>x</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in a calcareous mountain forest soil

“…Soils with a pH of 7-8 are supposed to produce higher amounts of N 2 (Simek and Cooper, 2002) but revealed an order of magnitude larger N 2 O emissions than soils with a pH between 4 and 6 (Vermoesen et al, 1996). A soil pH of 6.7-7.1 measured at our limestone site restricts selfdecomposition of HNO 2 and might, therefore, be responsible for small NO fluxes (Van Cleemput and Samater, 1996).…”

Interactive effects of composts and liquid pig manure with added nitrate on soil carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

“…Hadas et al (1996) suggested that extensive emissions of N 2 O instantly following application of organic amendments might result from rapid growth of zymogenous bacteria in response to addition of the high-energy organics present in the amendments. Many studies have found that NO 3 -is sequentially reduced to NO, N 2 O, and N 2 , and that more N 2 O is emitted from N fertilized soils (Mosier 1994;Vermoesen et al 1996;Drury et al 1998). Kaiser et al (1998) found, in a 3-yr study, that a linear increase in N fertilization rate (three application rates: 0, 105, 210 kg N ha -1 ) did not result in a linear increase in N 2 O emissions.…”

“…Nitrogen fertilization increases N 2 O emission from soil by providing additional available N (Mosier 1994;Vermoesen et al 1996;Drury et al 1998;MacKenzie et al 1998). Previous studies have found that the application of liquid pig manure, liquid pig manure plus wheat straw compost and yard waste compost resulted in a decrease in the availability of inorganic N as a result of N loss through denitrification and/or N immobilization.…”

Assessment of various practices of the mitigation of N2O emissions from the arable soils of Poland

“…Baggs et al 2010 oraz Vermoesen et al (1996) podaj¹, ¿e w glebach wapnowanych N 2 O powstaje g³ównie w wyniku nitryfikacji. W naszej ocenie emisja N 2 O z gleb wapnowanych utrzymuje siê jednak na wzglêd-nie niskim poziomie.…”

“…W porównaniu do nawozów amonowych, nawo¿enie saletrzane zwiêksza emisjê N 2 O, ale tylko z gleb zakwaszonych, w których dominuj¹cym procesem jest denitryfikacja. Na glebach o wy¿szej wartooeci pH i o mniejszej wilgotnooeci wiêksza emisja N 2 O ma miejsce po zastosowaniu nawozów amonowych (Liu et al 2007, Vermoesen et al 1996. Wed³ug Zalewskiego (2013) w Polsce obserwuje siê w ostatnich latach wzrost zu¿ycia mocznika kosztem zmniejszenia zu¿ycia saletry amonowej.…”