Controls over N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O, NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; fluxes in a calcareous mountain forest soil

Kitzler, Barbara; Zechmeister‐Boltenstern, Sophie; Holtermann, Christian; Skiba, U.; Butterbach‐Bahl, Klaus

doi:10.5194/bg-3-383-2006

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Also it appears that the N 2 O emissions sharply increased above 320 kg N ha -1 input in the study. Based on these findings, we infer that excess N input above plant uptake rate was a contributing factor to the anomalously high N 2 O emission and N 2 O (Hyde et al 2006) and in forests in Austria (Kitzler et al 2006) and Hungary (Horváth et al 2006). These studies reported droughts in Austria and Hungary, and extended dry periods in Ireland in the summer of 2003.…”

Section: Effect Of N Input On N 2 O Emissionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In a moist tropical forest in the Amazon during a rainfall-exclusion experiment lower annual N 2 O emissions were registered in four out of five treatment years and then recovered during the first year after the drought treatment stopped (Davidson et al 2008). In contrast, in 2003 higher annual N 2 O fluxes were observed in a grassland in the South East of Ireland (Hyde et al 2006), in forests in Austria (Kitzler et al 2006) and Hungary (Horváth et al 2006;L. Horváth, personal communication).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…These studies reported droughts in Austria and Hungary, and extended dry periods in Ireland in the summer of 2003. In the spruce-fir-beech forest in Austria, the soil water content during the drought period of summer 2003 decreased to below 30% while generally the soil water content was around 40-50% (Kitzler et al 2006). Kitzler et al (2006) suggested that increased soil moisture following a rainfall event after a long dry period may have caused an increase in microbial activity in the summer 2003.…”

Section: Effect Of N Input On N 2 O Emissionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effect of increased N use and dry periods on N2O emission from a fertilized grassland

Kim

Mishurov

Kiely

2010

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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To better understand the effects of increased N input and dry periods on soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission, we examined a unique data-set of weather, soil microclimate, N input, and N 2 O emissions (using the eddy covariance method), measured at a fertilized grassland over the period 2003-2008. We found that the N 2 O emission (11.5 kg N ha -1 year -1 ), the ratio of N 2 O emission to N input (3.4), and the duration of elevated N 2 O flux (57 days) in 2003 were about two times greater than those of the following years. 2003 had the highest annual N input (343 kg N ha -1 year -1 ) which exceeded the agronomical requirements for Irish grasslands (up to 306 kg ha -1 year -1 ). In the summer of 2003, the site had a significantly higher soil temperature, lower WFPS and lowest rainfall of all years. Large N 2 O emission events followed rainfall after a long dry period in the summer of 2003, attributed to dominant nitrification processes. Furthermore, in the non summer periods, when temperature was lower and WFPS was higher and when there were prior N applications, lower N 2 O emissions occurred and were attributed to dominant denitrification processes. Throughout the study period, the N input and soil dryness related factors (duration of WFPS under 50%, summer average WFPS, and low rainfall) showed exponential relationships with N 2 O emission and the ratio of N 2 O emission to N input. Based on these findings, we infer that the observed anomalously high N 2 O emission in 2003 may have been caused by the combined effects of excess N input above the plant uptake rate, elevated soil temperature, and N 2 O flux bursts that followed the rewetting of dry soil after an unusually long dry summer period. These results suggest that high N input above plant uptake rate and extended dry periods may cause abnormal increases in N 2 O emissions.

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Section: Effect Of N Input On N 2 O Emissionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Effect Of N Input On N 2 O Emissionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effect of increased N use and dry periods on N2O emission from a fertilized grassland

Kim

Mishurov

Kiely

2010

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…Increase of NO flux following rewetting in grassland (47 800 %) is higher than those of cropland, forest and other ecosystems (1000-4900 %; Table 2). Some studies indicate that even a single rewetting event could substantially affect the annual flux rates of NO (Davidson et al, 1991;Yienger and Levy, 1995;Kitzler et al, 2006), and rewetting events could be important for regional fluxes (Harris et al, 1996;Ghude et al, 2010).…”

Section: Nitric Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The rewetting of dry soils and the thawing of frozen soils are short-term, transitional phenomena in terms of hydrology and the thermodynamics of soil systems. The impact of these short-term phenomena on larger scale ecosystem fluxes is increasingly recognized, and a growing number of studies show that these events affect fluxes of soil gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3) and nitric oxide (NO). Global climate models predict that future climatic change is likely to alter the frequency and intensity of drying-rewetting events and thawing of frozen soils. These future scenarios highlight the importance of understanding how rewetting and thawing will influence dynamics of these soil gases. This study summarizes findings using a new database containing 338 studies conducted from 1956 to 2011, and highlights open research questions. The database revealed conflicting results following rewetting and thawing in various terrestrial ecosystems and among soil gases, ranging from large increases in fluxes to non-significant changes. Studies reporting lower gas fluxes before rewetting tended to find higher post-rewetting fluxes for CO2, N2O and NO; in addition, increases in N2O flux following thawing were greater in warmer climate regions. We discuss possible mechanisms and controls that regulate flux responses, and recommend that a high temporal resolution of flux measurements is critical to capture rapid changes in gas fluxes after these soil perturbations. Finally, we propose that future studies should investigate the interactions between biological (i.e., microbial community and gas production) and physical (i.e., porosity, diffusivity, dissolution) changes in soil gas fluxes, apply techniques to capture rapid changes (i.e., automated measurements), and explore synergistic experimental and modelling approaches.

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“…In some treatments, N 2 O emissions were generally low and the soil even functioned as a sink for N 2 O as evidenced by the negative N 2 O efflux. ButterbachBahl et al (2002) and Kitzler et al (2005) detected negative N 2 O fluxes from pine forests with moderate N-deposition, whereas a pine forest with high N-loads exclusively functioned as a source of N 2 O during winter. This observation that atmospheric N 2 O is consumed/ decomposed in relatively dry and oxic soil is curious and of ecological significance in dry tropical habitats.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Attenuation of N2O emission rates from agricultural soil at different dicyandiamide concentrations

Verma

Tyagi

Singh

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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An experiment was conducted to assess the role of different concentrations of dicyandiamide (DCD), a potent nitrification inhibitor, on temporal changes in nitrous oxide emission from sandy loam agricultural soil. It was found that with increasing concentration of DCD i.e. from 6 to 12% of nitrogen applied in the form of urea, there was a decrease in the both average and peak N(2)O emissions. However, from 14% DCD treated soil, there was a non-significant alteration in the N(2)O emission. Maximum average N(2)O efflux of 217.55 microg m(-2) h(-1) was noted from control plots. As compared to control, there was an attenuation of 50, 58, 65, and 91% average N(2)O efflux from 6, 8, 10 and 12% DCD applied pots, respectively, whereas, there was a negative average of N(2)O efflux from the soil with 14% DCD treatment. The soil N content also showed a significant correlation with N(2)O emission. Therefore, 12% DCD treatment has been found to be the best with regard to attenuation of nitrous oxide from sandy loam agricultural soils.

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Controls over N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>x</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in a calcareous mountain forest soil

Cited by 49 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of increased N use and dry periods on N2O emission from a fertilized grassland

Effect of increased N use and dry periods on N2O emission from a fertilized grassland

Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research

Attenuation of N2O emission rates from agricultural soil at different dicyandiamide concentrations

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