Effect of ammoniation on the preservation and feeding value of barley grain for growing-finishing cattle

Yaremcio, B. J.; Engstrom, D. F.; Mathison, G. W.; Caine, W. R.; Roth, L. A.

doi:10.4141/cjas91-054

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The tendency for urea treatment to reduce animal performance is similar to previous studies (Mowat et al, 1981;Yaremcio et al, 1991) using urea and ammonia treatment of whole grain. The tendency for urea treatment to reduce animal performance is probably due to one or more of the following.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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The effects of grain treatment, grain feed level and grass silage feed value on the performance of and meat quality from, finishing beef cattle

Keady¹,

Lively²,

Kilpatrick³

et al. 2008

Animal

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A completely randomised design study involving 132 continental crossbred beef steers was undertaken to evaluate the effects of method of grain treatment and feed level, and grass silage feed value on animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of beef cattle. Winter wheat was harvested and the grain was stored either ensiled crimped and treated with 4.5 l/t of a proprietary acid-based additive (crimped), ensiled whole and treated with 20 kg feed-grade urea per t (urea) or stored conventionally in an open bin treated with 3 l propionic acid per t. Two grass silages, of contrasting feed value (L and H) were ensiled. For the conventional, crimped and urea treatments, grain dry matter (DM) concentrations were 802, 658 and 640 g/kg, respectively. For the L-and H-feed value silages, DM concentrations were 192 and 240 g/kg and D values were 671 and 730 g/kg DM, respectively. The silages were offered as the sole forage supplemented with either conventional, crimped or urea-treated grain-based concentrate at either 3.5 or 6.0 kg DM per steer per day. The grain supplement consisted of 850 and 150 g/kg DM of grain and citrus pulp, respectively. For the conventional, urea and crimped treatments, DM intakes were 8.85, 9.43 and 9.04 kg/day (standard error (s.e.) 5 0.129); estimated carcass gains were 0.60, 0.55 and 0.61 kg/day (s.e. 5 0.020), respectively. For the low-and high-feed value grass silages, estimated carcass gains were 0.56 and 0.61 kg/day (s.e. 5 0.014), respectively. For the low and high grain feed levels, estimated carcass gains were 0.56 and 0.61 kg/day, respectively. Grain treatment, grain feed level or silage feed value did not alter (P . 0.05) meat quality, lean colour or fat colour. There were significant silage feed value 3 grain feed level interactions (P , 0.05) for final live weight (LW) and daily live-weight gain (DLWG). Increasing grain feed level increased final LW and DLWG when offered with the low-feed value silage, however, grain feed level had no effect on final LW or DLWG when offered with the high-feed value silage. It is concluded that urea treatment of grain increased silage intake and feed conversion ratio (kg DM intake per kg carcass) and tended to decrease carcass gain. Crimping provides a biologically equally effective method to store grain as conventional methods. Improving grass silage feed value had a greater impact on animal performance than increasing grain feed level by 2.4 kg DM per day.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Thirdly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR), as determined by kg DM intake per kg carcass gain, was increased by 16% due to urea treatment (Table 7). Similarly, Yaremcio et al (1991) reported that moist urea-treated barley increased FCR (kg DM intake per kg ADG) by 30% relative to rolled dried barley.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effects of grain treatment, grain feed level and grass silage feed value on the performance of and meat quality from, finishing beef cattle

Keady¹,

Lively²,

Kilpatrick³

et al. 2008

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Inefficient utilization of energy in whole barley in the present trial was probably due to failure of the barley seed coat to break during initial mastication and rumination (Morgan et al 1988) as barley appears to contain one of the most resistant cell walls found in grains vs. the most labile endosperm among grain species (Delfino and Swingle 1984). Physical processing of barley has been shown to increase ADG and lower DMI and gain/feed (Hironaka et al 1991;Yaremcio et al 1991) pared with cattle fed whole barley, which could be attributed to increased digestion of energy, starch and protein (Morgan et al 1988;Hironaka et al 1991). Lower ADG in barley-fed cattle relative to corn-fed cattle in the present trial was probably due to decreased intake of digestible energy from feeding whole-barley (Hironaka et al 1991).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discrepancies in findings between the present study and studies previously cited are probably due to the use of weaned straightbred exotics in the present study versus the use of British-based cattle in previous work (Combs and Hindman 1988;Gray and Stallknecht 1988; For personal use only. Nichols and Weber 1988;Hironka et al 1991;Yaremcio et al 1991). in which all cattle finished with subcutaneous fat depths ranging from 9 to 17 mm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diet, breed and slaughter endpoint on growth performance, carcass composition and beef quality traits in Limousin and Charolais steers

Mandell¹,

Gullett²,

Wilton³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1997. Effects of diet, breed and slaughter endpoint on growth performance, carcass composition and beef quality traits in Limousin and Charolais steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 23-32. Ninety-six Charolais and Limousin steers were used to evaluate 75% grain (whole barley or corn) diets and two slaughter endpoints (7 mm backfat or 568 kg liveweight) in an experiment designed to constrain carcass weights to under approximately 341 kg yet produce optimal beef quality. Each breed was represented by eight progeny from each of six sires. The trial was terminated after 281 d feeding regardless of individual steers attaining designated slaughter endpoints. Limited availability of dietary energy in whole-barley diets resulted in decreased (P < 0.01) average daily gain and increased (P < 0.01) dry matter intake, feed/gain and days on feed for barley-vs. corn-fed cattle. Charolais outgained (P < 0.05) Limousin but dry matter intake was similar on a g BW0 0.75 basis. Feeding to 568 kg liveweight was associated with high (P < 0.10) ADG and decreased (P < 0.05) feed/gain compared with feeding to 7 mm. Corn feeding increased (P < 0.001) carcass weights, fat deposition and longissimus muscle area. Lean deposition was greater (P < 0.01) in Limousin than Charolais. Taste panel assessment of tenderness, flavour and juiciness in longissimus muscle was generally not affected (P > 0.10) by diet, breed or slaughter endpoint. Twelve primal ribs from each of Agriculture Canada's marbling classifications (A, AA, AAA) were purchased and processed identically to ribs from the test cattle. Shear and tenderness scores were similar (P > 0.10) across test cattle and purchased ribs, despite intramuscular fat contents of 20.2, 27.1, 35.6 and 49.7 g kg -1 , respectively, for test cattle and trace, slight and small marbled ribs. Slight and small marbled ribs did have higher (P < 0.05) taste panel scores for initial juiciness and flavour than ribs from the test cattle. While 26% of carcasses from test cattle graded Canada B1 due to either inadequate finish or marbling, similar tenderness and shear scores were probably due to age of test cattle at slaughter which averaged 481 ± 45 d plus the fact that all roasts were aged 7 d prior to freezing.Key words: Charolais, Limousin, marbling, fatness, palatability, carcass weight, beef cattle, tenderness Mandell, I. B., Gullett, E.A., Wilton, J. W., Allen, O. B. et Osborne, V. R. 1997. Effets du régime alimentaire, de la race et de l'état corporel recherché de l'animal à l'abattage sur les performances de carcasse, sur la composition de la carcasse et sur les critères qualitatifs de la viande chez des bouvillons Limousins et Charolais. Can J. Anim. Sci. 77: 23-32. Nous avons évalué sur 96 bouvillons Charolais et Limousins deux régimes à base de grain entier (75 % orge ou maïs) etdeux états de carcasse à l'abattage (7 mm de gras de couverture ou 568 kg de poids corporel (PC), dans une expérience visant à maintenir le poids de carcasse en-dessous de 341 kg environ, sans rien sacrifier de la qualité de la vian...

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“…Yaremcio, Mathison, Engstrom, Roth and Caine (1991) observed that cattle given whole barley had DM : gain ratios which were proportionately 0-16 higher than those given whole barley and that there was a trend for daily gains to be proportionately 007 higher with rolled barley. Morgan et al (1987) observed that daily gains were increased from 041 to 0-74 kg and food requirements per unit gain were reduced from 15-2 to 8-5 when steam-rolled barley replaced whole barley in a diet for heifers.…”

Section: Utilization Of Whole Grain By Cattlementioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of feeding whole and rolled barley to steers in the morning or afternoon in diets containing differing proportions of hay and grain

1991

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A 2 X 2 X 2 factorial experiment was conducted with 128 growing-finishing steer calves to examine the effects of feeding whole v. rolled barley in diets containing either a constant proportion of concentrate (0-67) or proportionately 0-33 concentrate for 56 days followed by 0-90 concentrate for 83 days, with the concentrate being given at either 08.00 or 15.30 h. Steers given hay at 08.00 h and concentrate at 15.50 h grew proportionately 0-05 faster (P < 0-05) and had better dry matter (DM): gain ratios (P < 0-05) during the first 56 days than those given concentrate at 08.00 h and hay at 09.00 h. By the end of the trial steers fed at 15.50 h had similar daily gains to steers fed at 08.00 h but required proportionately 0-02 less DM : gain (P <0-05). No significant difference in gain was detected between steers given whole (1-30 kg/day) or rolled (1-38 kg/day) barley, but those given whole barley ate proportionately 0-08 more DM daily and had a proportionately 0-15 poorer DM : gain ratio (P < 0-05). The digestibility of diets containing whole grain was reduced (P < 0-05). Thirty-six steers given whole barley bloated compared with nine given rolled barley (P < 0-05). No significant differences were found either in DM intake or in final proportion of concentrate in the diet between steers given the diet containing proportionately 0-67 concentrate throughout the feeding period and those given the variable concentrate diets. There was a trend for DM: gain ratios to be poorer for steers given the constant proportion of concentrate (6-89 v. 6-65).

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Effect of ammoniation on the preservation and feeding value of barley grain for growing-finishing cattle

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

The effects of grain treatment, grain feed level and grass silage feed value on the performance of and meat quality from, finishing beef cattle

The effects of grain treatment, grain feed level and grass silage feed value on the performance of and meat quality from, finishing beef cattle

Effects of diet, breed and slaughter endpoint on growth performance, carcass composition and beef quality traits in Limousin and Charolais steers

Effect of feeding whole and rolled barley to steers in the morning or afternoon in diets containing differing proportions of hay and grain

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